Table 1 Patients’ demographic features and clinical characteristics

Demographic features

Age (years)

43 (23, 57.)

45 (27, 58)

< 18

603 (14.58)^a

445 (11.56)^a

18–29

800 (19.34)^a

649 (16.87)^a

30–39

496 (11.99)^a

537 (13.96)^a

40–49

550 (13.29)

560 (14.55)

50–59

869 (21.01)

770 (20.01)

≥ 60

819 (19.80)^a

887 (23.05)^a

Male (%)

1311 (31.69)

1331 (34.59)

Alcohol consumption (yes, n, %)

544 (13.39)

439 (11.88)

Tobacco use (yes, n, %)

704 (17.12)

620 (16.59)

Marital status (yes, n, %)

2427 (58.68)

2306 (60.04)

Level of education (n, %)

University or above

477 (36.95)

451 (37.65)

Secondary or High school

687 (53.21)

619 (51.67)

Elementary school or below

127 (9.84)

128 (10.68)

Clinical characteristics

Stress events (yes, n, %)

1763 (42.61)

1471 (38.23)

Family history (yes, n, %)

543 (13.12)

508 (13.20)

Duration of illness (years)

3.00 (0.83, 10.00)

3.00 (0.92, 10.00)

Age of onset (years)

33 (18, 49)

35 (20, 51)

Psychotic symptoms (yes, n.%)

768 (18.56)

766 (19.91)

Number of hospitalizations within five years prior to admission (n, %)

1 time

3373 (81.51)

3201 (83.19)

5.76

0.218

2 times

591 (14.28)

486 (12.63)

3 times

123 (2.97)

118 (3.07)

4 times

35 (0.85)

33 (0.86)

≥ 5 times

16 (0.39)

10 (0.26)

Treatment Burden

ECT (yes, n, %)

2347 (56.72)

1682 (43.71)

Hospital stays (days)

28.00 (20.00, 37.00)

28.00 (19.00, 37.00)

Re-hospitalization within 6 months

(yes, n, %)

470 (11.36)

343 (8.91)

Re-hospitalization within 7 to 12 months (yes, n, %)

244 (5.90)

195 (5.07)