Table 1 Characteristics of the participants
Variable | Total sample, n (%) | First-time test takers, n (%) | Repeat test takers, n (%) | χ2 value | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic variables | |||||
Gender | |||||
Male | 1004 (46.5) | 591 (44.3) | 413 (50.2) | 7.297 | 0.007 |
Female | 1153 (53.5) | 744 (55.7) | 409 (49.8) | ||
Permanent residence | |||||
Rural | 1460 (67.7) | 881 (66.0) | 579 (70.4) | 3.891 | 0.049 |
Urban | 668 (31.0) | 433 (32.4) | 235 (28.6) | ||
Religion | |||||
Muslim | 1838 (85.2) | 1124 (84.2) | 714 (86.9) | 2.828 | 0.093 |
Others | 302 (14.0) | 200 (15.0) | 102 (12.4) | ||
Family type | |||||
Nuclear | 1696 (78.6) | 1059 (79.3) | 637 (77.5) | 1.506 | 0.220 |
Joint | 419 (19.4) | 248 (18.6) | 171 (20.8) | ||
Monthly income (BDT) | |||||
Low Income (< 15,000) | 405 (18.8) | 221 (16.6) | 184 (22.4) | 11.604 | 0.003 |
Middle income (15,000–30,000) | 739 (34.3) | 453 (33.9) | 286 (34.8) | ||
High income (> 30,000) | 536 (24.8) | 351 (26.3) | 185 (22.5) | ||
Admission-related variables | |||||
Secondary school certificate GPA | |||||
Poor (< 4.5) | 314 (14.6) | 136 (10.2) | 178 (21.7) | 82.851 | < 0.001 |
Moderate (4.5–4.99) | 609 (28.2) | 344 (25.8) | 265 (32.2) | ||
High (5) | 1159 (53.7) | 807 (60.4) | 352 (42.8) | ||
Higher secondary school certificate GPA | |||||
Poor (< 4.5) | 125 (5.8) | 85 (6.4) | 40 (4.9) | 2.430 | 0.297 |
Moderate (4.5–4.99) | 534 (24.8) | 323 (24.2) | 211 (25.7) | ||
High (5) | 1420 (65.8) | 876 (65.6) | 544 (66.2) | ||
Coached by professional or coaching center | |||||
Yes | 1639 (76.0) | 1165 (87.3) | 474 (57.7) | 248.797 | < 0.001 |
No | 481 (22.3) | 151 (11.3) | 330 (40.1) | ||
Desired institute/department for admission | |||||
Varsity | 1457 (67.5) | 877 (65.7) | 580 (70.6) | 18.002 | < 0.001 |
Medical | 514 (23.8) | 346 (25.9) | 168 (20.4) | ||
Engineering | 123 (5.7) | 89 (6.7) | 34 (4.1) | ||
Agriculture | 10 (0.5) | 3 (0.2) | 7 (0.9) | ||
Satisfied with previous mock tests | |||||
Yes | 690 (32.1) | 440 (33.0) | 250 (30.4) | 0.003 | 0.958 |
No | 1271 (58.9) | 812 (60.8) | 459 (55.8) | ||
Average monthly expenditure on test preparation (BDT) | |||||
Low Expenditure (< 5000) | 300 (13.9) | 151 (11.3) | 149 (18.1) | 36.716 | < 0.001 |
Middle Expenditure (5000–10,000) | 1069 (49.6) | 682 (51.1) | 387 (47.1) | ||
High expenditure (> 10,000) | 310 (14.4) | 229 (17.2) | 81 (9.9) | ||
Educational background | |||||
Science | 1530 (70.9) | 1005 (75.3) | 525 (63.9) | 35.012 | < 0.001 |
Arts | 559 (25.9) | 288 (21.6) | 271 (33.0) | ||
Commerce | 59 (2.7) | 38 (2.8) | 21 (2.6) | ||
Digital device-related variables | |||||
Digital medium used | |||||
TV | |||||
Yes | 418 (19.4) | 269 (20.1) | 149 (18.1) | 1.333 | 0.248 |
No | 1739 (80.6) | 1066 (79.9) | 673 (81.9) | ||
PC | |||||
Yes | 267 (12.4) | 166 (12.4) | 101 (12.3) | 0.010 | 0.920 |
No | 1890 (87.6) | 1169 (87.6) | 721 (87.7) | ||
Smartphone | |||||
Yes | 2093 (97.0) | 1298 (97.2) | 795 (96.7) | 0.465 | 0.495 |
No | 64 (3.0) | 37 (2.8) | 27 (3.3) | ||
Gaming | |||||
Yes | 63 (2.9) | 40 (3.0) | 23 (2.8) | 0.070 | 0.791 |
No | 2094 (97.1) | 1295 (97.0) | 799 (97.2) | ||
Screen Time | |||||
TV | |||||
>2Â h/day | 22 (6.6) | 12 (5.6) | 10 (8.5) | 1.101 | 0.294 |
≤2 h/day | 311 (93.4) | 204 (94.4) | 107 (91.5) | ||
Gamming | |||||
>2Â h/day | 77 (26.0) | 57 (28.6) | 20 (20.6) | 2.182 | 0.140 |
≤2 h/day | 219 (74.0) | 142 (71.4) | 77 (79.4) | ||
Chat | |||||
>2Â h/day | 95 (12.6) | 59 (12.6) | 36 (12.6) | 0.000 | 0.992 |
≤2 h/day | 658 (87.8) | 409 (87.4) | 249 (87.4) | ||
Video | |||||
>2Â h/day | 278 (29.2) | 191 (31.8) | 87 (24.8) | 5.243 | 0.022 |
≤2 h/day | 674 (70.8) | 410 (68.2) | 264 (75.2) | ||
Mental Health Problems | |||||
Depression | |||||
No | 628 (29.1) | 396 (29.7) | 232 (28.2) | 0.317 | 0.574 |
Yes | 1233 (57.2) | 761 (57.0) | 472 (57.4) | ||
Anxiety | |||||
No | 1067 (49.5) | 670 (50.2) | 397 (48.3) | 1.299 | 0.254 |
Yes | 945 (43.8) | 570 (42.7) | 375 (45.6) | ||