Table 4 Prevalence of different aspects and severity of face-to-face bullying and the different associations with suicidality

Experiences of Being Bullied

Category

Overall

Total

Suicide Thought^†

Suicide Plan^†

Suicide Attempt^†

Univariate logistic regression

Multivariate logistic regression

(N = 2652)

(N = 2534)

(n = 680)

(n = 377)

(n = 397)

Suicide Thought

Suicide Plan

Suicide Attempt

Suicide Thought

Suicide Plan

Suicide Attempt

COR (95% CI)

COR (95% CI)

COR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

(i) How often have you been bullied in school in the past six months?

Not at all

441 (18.0%)

438 (18.1%)

128 (29.2%)

60 (13.7%)

80 (18.3%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

138 (5.6%)

136 (5.6%)

61 (44.9%)

30 (22.1%)

34 (25%)

1.97 (1.32–2.93)***

1.78 (1.08–2.89)*

1.49 (0.94–2.34)

0.92 (0.53–1.60)

0.84 (0.40–1.68)

0.81 (0.41–1.58)

More than once a week

201 (8.2%)

198 (8.2%)

55 (27.8%)

28 (14.1%)

31 (15.7%)

0.93 (0.64–1.35)

1.04 (0.63–1.67)

0.83 (0.52–1.30)

0.70 (0.42–1.15)

0.70 (0.35–1.34)

0.76 (0.40–1.41)

Most days

1667 (68.1%)

1647 (68.1%)

407 (24.7%)

246 (14.9%)

229 (13.9%)

0.79 (0.63–1.01)

1.11 (0.82–1.51)

0.72 (0.55–0.96)*

0.93 (0.69–1.27)

1.36 (0.92–2.05)

1.09 (0.74–1.62)

(ii) How often have you been bullied outside of school in the past six months?

Not at all

1929 (78.8%)

1907 (78.8%)

446 (23.4%)

246 (12.9%)

233 (12.2%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

323 (13.2%)

321 (13.3%)

131 (40.8%)

73 (22.7%)

90 (28%)

2.26 (1.76–2.89)***

1.99 (1.48–2.65)***

2.80 (2.11–3.69)***

1.28 (0.89–1.83)

1.36 (0.87–2.08)

1.85 (1.21–2.80)**

More than once a week

103 (4.2%)

100 (4.1%)

46 (46%)

26 (26%)

32 (32%)

2.79 (1.85–4.19)***

2.37 (1.46–3.73)***

3.38 (2.15–5.22)***

1.19 (0.66–2.12)

1.65 (0.84–3.14)

1.59 (0.81–3.03)

Most days

92 (3.8%)

92 (3.8%)

30 (32.6%)

20 (21.7%)

21 (22.8%)

1.59 (1.00–2.46)*

1.88 (1.10–3.07)*

2.13 (1.25–3.46)**

0.91 (0.47–1.68)

1.11 (0.53–2.22)

1.05 (0.50–2.11)

(iii) How often have you been bullying others in school in the past six months?

Not at all

2045 (83.7%)

2023 (83.7%)

481 (23.8%)

263 (13%)

255 (12.6%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

197 (8.1%)

193 (8.0%)

76 (39.4%)

39 (20.2%)

45 (23.3%)

2.08 (1.53–2.82)***

1.69 (1.15–2.44)**

2.11 (1.46–2.99)***

1.18 (0.76–1.82)

1.18 (0.68–1.99)

1.02 (0.59–1.72)

More than once a week

123 (5.0%)

123 (5.1%)

63 (51.2%)

40 (32.5%)

47 (38.2%)

3.37 (2.33–4.87)***

3.23 (2.15–4.78)***

4.29 (2.90–6.29)***

1.70 (0.97–2.98)

1.70 (0.90–3.15)

1.81 (0.97–3.33)

Most days

79 (3.2%)

78 (3.2%)

33 (42.3%)

22 (28.2%)

26 (33.3%)

2.35 (1.47–3.72)***

2.63 (1.55–4.32)***

3.47 (2.10–5.60)***

1.18 (0.60–2.25)

1.32 (0.61–2.73)

1.50 (0.72–3.04)

(iv) How often have you been bullying others outside of school in the past six months?

Not at all

2047 (84.0%)

2024 (84.0%)

487 (24.1%)

270 (13.3%)

263 (13%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

197 (8.1%)

196 (8.1%)

69 (35.2%)

28 (14.3%)

35 (17.9%)

1.71 (1.25–2.33)***

1.08 (0.70–1.62)

1.46 (0.97–2.12)

1.10 (0.71–1.69)

0.84 (0.48–1.42)

0.75 (0.42–1.30)

More than once a week

82 (3.4%)

81 (3.3%)

36 (44.4%)

22 (27.2%)

27 (33.3%)

2.52 (1.60–3.95)***

2.42 (1.43–3.96)***

3.35 (2.05–5.36)***

1.20 (0.65–2.20)

1.14 (0.55–2.27)

1.70 (0.86–3.29)

Most days

111 (4.6%)

109 (4.5%)

53 (48.6%)

38 (34.9%)

47 (43.1%)

2.99 (2.02–4.41)***

3.48 (2.28–5.23)***

5.08 (3.39–7.56)***

1.72 (0.95–3.10)

1.90 (0.98–3.61)

2.49 (1.31–4.69)**

(v) Who has bullied you (at school, outside of school)? – Girls

Not at all

1960 (86.7%)

1935 (86.8%)

475 (24.5%)

266 (13.7%)

259 (13.4%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

130 (5.8%)

127 (5.7%)

47 (37%)

21 (16.5%)

32 (25.2%)

1.81 (1.23–2.62)**

1.24 (0.75–1.98)

2.18 (1.41–3.29)***

0.66 (0.38–1.11)

0.43 (0.20–0.83)*

0.70 (0.37–1.28)

More than once a week

45 (2.0%)

45 (2.0%)

24 (53.3%)

12 (26.7%)

11 (24.4%)

3.51 (1.94–6.42)***

2.28 (1.12–4.36)*

2.09 (1.00–4.05)*

1.53 (0.71–3.30)

0.78 (0.31–1.82)

0.58 (0.22–1.40)

Most days

125 (5.5%)

123 (5.5%)

55 (44.7%)

35 (28.5%)

42 (34.1%)

2.49 (1.71–3.60)***

2.50 (1.63–3.74)***

3.36 (2.24–4.95)***

1.07 (0.62–1.83)

1.08 (0.58–1.95)

1.09 (0.59–1.97)

(vi) Who has bullied you (at school, outside of school)? – Boys

Not at all

1762 (77.1%)

1740 (77.1%)

397 (22.8%)

219 (12.6%)

217 (12.5%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

271 (11.9%)

270 (12.0%)

109 (40.4%)

54 (20%)

64 (23.7%)

2.29 (1.75–2.99)***

1.74 (1.24–2.40)**

2.18 (1.58–2.97)***

1.21 (0.82–1.79)

0.90 (0.55–1.45)

0.85 (0.52–1.37)

More than once a week

101 (4.4%)

99 (4.4%)

52 (52.5%)

33 (33.3%)

32 (32.3%)

3.74 (2.48–5.65)***

3.47 (2.21–5.36)***

3.35 (2.13–5.19)***

2.36 (1.33–4.20)**

2.04 (1.07–3.83)*

1.66 (0.86–3.13)

Most days

150 (6.6%)

148 (6.6%)

55 (37.2%)

34 (23%)

39 (26.4%)

2.00 (1.40–2.83)***

2.07 (1.36–3.08)***

2.51 (1.68–3.69)***

1.22 (0.73–2.03)

1.12 (0.61–2.00)

1.10 (0.60–1.98)

(vii) Who has bullied you (at school, outside of school)? – Adults

Not at all

1873 (83.8%)

1847 (83.8%)

438 (23.7%)

241 (13%)

232 (12.6%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

154 (6.9%)

153 (6.9%)

61 (39.9%)

33 (21.6%)

37 (24.2%)

2.13 (1.51–2.99)***

1.83 (1.20–2.73)**

2.22 (1.48–3.27)***

1.33 (0.83–2.12)

1.39 (0.80–2.37)

1.29 (0.74–2.19)

More than once a week

92 (4.1%)

90 (4.1%)

48 (53.3%)

31 (34.4%)

43 (47.8%)

3.68 (2.40–5.66)***

3.50 (2.20–5.48)***

6.37 (4.11–9.85)***

1.41 (0.75–2.63)

1.46 (0.72–2.91)

2.95 (1.52–5.73)**

Most days

116 (5.2%)

114 (5.2%)

42 (36.8%)

24 (21.1%)

27 (23.7%)

1.88 (1.25–2.77)**

1.78 (1.09–2.80)*

2.16 (1.35–3.35)***

1.05 (0.59–1.82)

1.16 (0.59–2.16)

1.16 (0.60–2.17)

(viii) Who has bullied you (at school, outside of school)?—A group (e.g. a group of friends, a class etc.)

Not at all

1623 (76.8%)

1604 (76.8%)

368 (22.9%)

196 (12.2%)

195 (12.2%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

212 (10.0%)

208 (10.0%)

89 (42.8%)

53 (25.5%)

54 (26%)

2.51 (1.86–3.38)***

2.46 (1.73–3.45)***

2.53 (1.78–3.56)***

1.38 (0.92–2.08)

1.93 (1.19–3.09)**

1.90 (1.17–3.05)**

More than once a week

115 (5.4%)

115 (5.5%)

53 (46.1%)

31 (27%)

35 (30.4%)

2.87 (1.95–4.22)***

2.65 (1.69–4.07)***

3.16 (2.05–4.80)***

1.21 (0.69–2.11)

1.92 (1.01–3.59)*

1.90 (1.00–3.55)*

Most days

164 (7.8%)

162 (7.8%)

75 (46.3%)

47 (29%)

55 (34%)

2.90 (2.08–4.03)***

2.94 (2.01–4.23)***

3.71 (2.58–5.29)***

1.17 (0.72–1.87)

1.35 (0.77–2.32)

1.68 (0.97–2.85)

(ix) I have sibling(s) (half-siblings or similar)

No

969 (44.0%)

956 (43.9%)

213 (22.3%)

114 (11.9%)

134 (14%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

1233 (56.0%)

1220 (56.1%)

380 (31.1%)

215 (17.6%)

204 (16.7%)

1.58 (1.30–1.92)***

1.58 (1.24–2.02)***

1.23 (0.97–1.56)

1.41 (1.11–1.78)**

1.33 (1.00–1.79)

0.96 (0.72–1.29)

(x) How often have you been bullied by a sibling at home in the past six months

Not at all

2132 (88.0%)

2109 (87.9%)

511 (24.2%)

285 (13.5%)

295 (14%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

166 (6.9%)

165 (6.9%)

74 (44.8%)

35 (21.2%)

43 (26.1%)

2.54 (1.84–3.51)***

1.72 (1.15–2.53)**

2.17 (1.49–3.11)***

2.15 (1.40–3.29)***

1.41 (0.82–2.35)

1.85 (1.11–3.04)*

More than once a week

60 (2.5%)

59 (2.5%)

28 (47.5%)

14 (23.7%)

11 (18.6%)

2.82 (1.67–4.76)***

1.99 (1.04–3.58)*

1.41 (0.69–2.64)

2.08 (1.03–4.18)*

1.05 (0.42–2.42)

0.68 (0.23–1.71)

Most days

66 (2.7%)

65 (2.7%)

32 (49.2%)

23 (35.4%)

20 (30.8%)

3.03 (1.84–4.99)***

3.50 (2.05–5.86)***

2.73 (1.56–4.63)***

1.85 (0.92–3.69)

2.07 (0.96–4.34)

1.74 (0.77–3.79)

(xi) How often have you been bullying your sibling at home in the past six months?

Not at all

1927 (79.6%)

1904 (79.5%)

434 (22.8%)

252 (13.2%)

255 (13.4%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

275 (11.4%)

274 (11.4%)

112 (40.9%)

49 (17.9%)

62 (22.6%)

2.34 (1.80–3.04)***

1.43 (1.01–1.98)*

1.89 (1.38–2.57)***

1.19 (0.82–1.71)

0.92 (0.57–1.45)

1.01 (0.63–1.58)

More than once a week

118 (4.9%)

117 (4.9%)

59 (50.4%)

33 (28.2%)

36 (30.8%)

3.45 (2.36–5.03)***

2.58 (1.67–3.90)***

2.87 (1.88–4.32)***

0.93 (0.53–1.62)

0.83 (0.42–1.58)

0.87 (0.44–1.65)

Most days

102 (4.2%)

101 (4.2%)

40 (39.6%)

25 (24.8%)

20 (19.8%)

2.22 (1.46–3.34)***

2.16 (1.32–3.41)**

1.60 (0.94–2.60)

1.04 (0.58–1.84)

0.95 (0.48–1.81)

0.54 (0.25–1.11)

(xii) Being a bully and also a victim

No

1795 (71.5%)

1771(71.4%)

389 (22.0%)

212 (12%)

216 (12.2%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

717 (28.5%)

710 (28.6%)

279 (39.3%)

158 (22.3%)

168 (23.7%)

2.30(1.91–2.80)***

2.11 (1.67–2.643)*

2.231 (1.80–2.80)***

0.91 (0.48–1.70)

1.41 (0.58–3.42)

1.39 (0.61–3.16)