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Table 5 Suicidality and Cyber bullying

From: Face-to-face bullying in and outside of schools and cyberbullying are associated with suicidality in Kenyan high school students: a public health issue

A. Prevalence

B. Suicidality

C. Associations

D. Predictors

Cyber bullying

Category

Overall

Total

Suicide Thought†

Suicide Plan†

Suicide Attempt†

Univariate logistic regression

Multivariate logistic regression

(N = 2652)

(N = 2534)

(n = 680)

(n = 377)

(n = 397)

Suicide Thought

Suicide Plan

Suicide Attempt

Suicide Thought

Suicide Plan

Suicide Attempt

  

COR (95% CI)

COR (95% CI)

COR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

(i) During the past six months, how often have you been cyber bullied?

Never

2073 (84.7%)

2042 (84.6%)

474 (23.2%)

253 (12.4%)

265 (13%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

223 (9.1%)

222 (9.2%)

95 (42.8%)

59 (26.6%)

54 (24.3%)

2.47 (1.86–3.29)***

2.56 (1.84–3.53)***

2.16 (1.53–2.99)***

1.28 (0.87–1.89)

1.59 (1.02–2.47)*

1.23 (0.77–1.92)

More than once a week

93 (3.8%)

92 (3.8%)

45 (48.9%)

26 (28.3%)

28 (30.4%)

3.17 (2.07–4.83)***

2.79 (1.71–4.42)***

2.93 (1.82–4.61)***

1.34 (0.77–2.32)

1.39 (0.74–2.56)

1.29 (0.69–2.36)

Almost every day

58 (2.4%)

57 (2.4%)

31 (54.4%)

20 (35.1%)

24 (42.1%)

3.94 (2.32–6.75)***

3.82 (2.15–6.62)***

4.88 (2.81–8.35)***

1.65 (0.83–3.31)

1.91 (0.90–3.95)

1.85 (0.88–3.80)

(ii) During the past six months, how often have you cyber bullied others?

Never

1993 (82.6%)

1967 (82.7%)

453 (23%)

250 (12.7%)

244 (12.4%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

210 (8.71%)

208 (8.74%)

80 (38.5%)

43 (20.7%)

54 (26%)

2.09 (1.55–2.81)***

1.79 (1.24–2.55)**

2.48 (1.75–3.45)***

1.13 (0.76–1.67)

1.20 (0.75–1.88)

1.11 (0.70–1.75)

More than once a week

103 (4.27%)

102 (4.29%)

52 (51%)

25 (24.5%)

29 (28.4%)

3.48 (2.32–5.20)***

2.23 (1.37–3.52)***

2.81 (1.76–4.36)***

1.58 (0.94–2.64)

1.09 (0.60–1.95)

1.06 (0.58–1.88)

Almost every day

106 (4.39%)

102 (4.29%)

48 (47.1%)

29 (28.4%)

37 (36.3%)

2.97 (1.98–4.44)***

2.73 (1.72–4.24)***

4.02 (2.61–6.12)***

1.29 (0.74–2.20)

1.00 (0.53–1.85)

1.31 (0.71–2.35)

(iii) By who have you been cyber bullied?—Girls

Never

1986 (85.9%)

1959 (86.0%)

471 (24%)

258 (13.2%)

261 (13.3%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

177 (7.66%)

173 (7.59%)

77 (44.5%)

46 (26.6%)

51 (29.5%)

2.53 (1.84–3.48)***

2.39 (1.65–3.41)***

2.72 (1.90–3.85)***

1.12 (0.71–1.75)

1.29 (0.77–2.13)

0.91 (0.54–1.53)

More than once a week

44 (1.90%)

43 (1.89%)

16 (37.2%)

8 (18.6%)

7 (16.3%)

1.87 (0.98–3.47)*

1.51 (0.64–3.12)

1.27 (0.51–2.70)

0.72 (0.32–1.55)

0.52 (0.17–1.33)

0.41 (0.15–1.01)

 

Almost every day

104 (4.50%)

103 (4.52%)

55 (53.4%)

36 (35%)

40 (38.8%)

3.62 (2.43–5.42)***

3.54 (2.29–5.39)***

4.13 (2.70–6.24)***

1.64 (0.92–2.95)

1.63 (0.86–3.06)

1.15 (0.60–2.16)

(iv) By who have you been cyber bullied? – Boys

Never

1880 (81.8%)

1853 (81.8%)

422 (22.8%)

234 (12.6%)

229 (12.4%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

215 (9.35%)

213 (9.40%)

96 (45.1%)

52 (24.4%)

63 (29.6%)

2.78 (2.08–3.72)***

2.23 (1.58–3.12)***

2.98 (2.14–4.11)***

1.60 (1.08–2.36)*

1.19 (0.74–1.88)

1.63 (1.03–2.54)*

More than once a week

107 (4.65%)

105 (4.64%)

48 (45.7%)

32 (30.5%)

33 (31.4%)

2.86 (1.91–4.25)***

3.03 (1.94–4.66)***

3.25 (2.08–4.98)***

1.14 (0.65–1.98)

1.17 (0.62–2.17)

1.37 (0.73–2.53)

 

Almost every day

97 (4.22%)

94 (4.15%)

46 (48.9%)

30 (31.9%)

36 (38.3%)

3.25 (2.13–4.94)***

3.24 (2.03–5.07)***

4.40 (2.82–6.79)***

1.11 (0.59–2.08)

1.19 (0.58–2.38)

1.36 (0.68–2.67)

(v) By who have you been cyber bullied?—Adult women

Never

2038 (89.9%)

2009 (89.9%)

495 (24.6%)

277 (13.8%)

269 (13.4%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

100 (4.41%)

97 (4.34%)

43 (44.3%)

21 (21.6%)

33 (34%)

2.44 (1.60–3.68)***

1.73 (1.02–2.80)*

3.34 (2.13–5.14)***

1.11 (0.64–1.91)

0.77 (0.39–1.45)

1.54 (0.84–2.76)

More than once a week

68 (3.00%)

68 (3.04%)

39 (57.4%)

20 (29.4%)

30 (44.1%)

4.11 (2.53–6.77)***

2.61 (1.49–4.39)***

5.11 (3.09–8.37)***

1.53 (0.80–2.94)

1.15 (0.55–2.32)

1.93 (0.98–3.78)

Almost every day

60 (2.65%)

60 (2.69%)

29 (48.3%)

24 (40%)

24 (40%)

2.86 (1.70–4.80)***

4.17 (2.42–7.06)***

4.31 (2.50–7.30)***

0.82 (0.40–1.66)

1.91 (0.90–3.98)

1.27 (0.59–2.67)

(vi) By who have you been cyber bullied?—Adult men

Never

2033 (89.5%)

2005 (89.5%)

488 (24.3%)

277 (13.8%)

263 (13.1%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

114 (5.02%)

113 (5.04%)

54 (47.8%)

30 (26.5%)

44 (38.9%)

2.85 (1.94–4.17)***

2.25 (1.44–3.45)***

4.22 (2.82–6.28)***

1.22 (0.72–2.06)

1.13 (0.62–2.03)

1.67 (0.94–2.91)

More than once a week

54 (2.38%)

52 (2.32%)

30 (57.7%)

15 (28.8%)

23 (44.2%)

4.24 (2.43–7.50)***

2.53 (1.33–4.58)**

5.25 (2.97–9.20)***

2.31 (1.10–5.00)*

1.17 (0.51–2.56)

2.40 (1.11–5.11)*

 

Almost every day

70 (3.08%)

70 (3.12%)

34 (48.6%)

20 (28.6%)

26 (37.1%)

2.94 (1.81–4.75)***

2.50 (1.43–4.19)***

3.91 (2.34–6.42)***

1.40 (0.73–2.70)

0.98 (0.45–2.05)

1.67 (0.83–3.30)

(vii) By who have you been cyber bullied?—Person unknown to you

Never

1898 (82.7%)

1871 (82.6%)

435 (23.2%)

236 (12.6%)

241 (12.9%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

199 (8.67%)

196 (8.66%)

76 (38.8%)

43 (21.9%)

45 (23%)

2.09 (1.53–2.83)***

1.95 (1.34–2.78)***

2.02 (1.39–2.87)***

1.23 (0.82–1.83)

1.18 (0.73–1.88)

1.09 (0.67–1.74)

More than once a week

94 (4.09%)

93 (4.11%)

48 (51.6%)

32 (34.4%)

35 (37.6%)

3.52 (2.31–5.37)***

3.63 (2.30–5.65)***

4.08 (2.61–6.31)***

1.32 (0.75–2.29)

1.80 (0.97–3.28)

1.30 (0.70–2.38)

Almost every day

105 (4.57%)

104 (4.59%)

50 (48.1%)

32 (30.8%)

33 (31.7%)

3.06 (2.05–4.56)***

3.08 (1.96–4.73)***

3.14 (2.01–4.82)***

1.31 (0.78–2.19)

1.71 (0.96–2.99)

1.21 (0.68–2.11)

(viii) By who have you been cyber bullied?—A group (e.g. a group of friends, a class etc.)

Never

1857 (83.2%)

1829 (83.1%)

431 (23.6%)

236 (12.9%)

236 (12.9%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

158 (7.08%)

156 (7.09%)

68 (43.6%)

38 (24.4%)

46 (29.5%)

2.51 (1.79–3.50)***

2.17 (1.46–3.18)***

2.82 (1.93–4.06)***

1.28 (0.82–1.99)

1.23 (0.73–2.04)

1.28 (0.76–2.12)

More than once a week

97 (4.34%)

96 (4.36%)

45 (46.9%)

27 (28.1%)

29 (30.2%)

2.86 (1.88–4.33)***

2.64 (1.63–4.16)***

2.92 (1.83–4.57)***

1.17 (0.67–2.03)

1.24 (0.65–2.30)

1.25 (0.67–2.30)

Almost every day

121 (5.42%)

120 (5.45%)

60 (50%)

36 (30%)

46 (38.3%)

3.24 (2.23–4.72)***

2.89 (1.89–4.34)***

4.20 (2.82–6.19)***

1.53 (0.90–2.59)

1.25 (0.69–2.25)

1.75 (0.98–3.08)

(ix) Being a cyber bully and also a victim

No

2193 (91.4%)

2163 (91.4%)

534(24.7%)

292(13.5%)

299 (13.8%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

206 (8.6%)

203 (8.6%)

92 (45.3%)

52 (25.6%)

60(29.6%)

2.528 (1.90–3.40)***

2.20 (1.60–3.1)***

2.62 (1.90–3.60)***

0.427(0.25–0.72)

0.444 (0.24–0.84)

0.43 (0.24–0.80)

  1. COR Crude Odds Ratio, AOR Adjusted Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, Ref. Reference category
  2. *p < 0.05
  3. **p < 0.01
  4. ***p < 0.001
  5. † = row percentage