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Table 6 Suicidality progression in face-to-face Bullying

From: Face-to-face bullying in and outside of schools and cyberbullying are associated with suicidality in Kenyan high school students: a public health issue

A. Experience

 

B. Pathways

C. Association

D. Predictors

Experiences of Being Bullied

Category

Total

(N = 2,534)

Thoughts + Plans + Attempts†

Thoughts + No Plans + Attempts†

No Thoughts + No Plans + Attempts†

Univariate logistic regression

Multivariate logistic regression

(n = 253)

(n = 96)

(n = 48)

Thoughts + Plans + Attempts

Thoughts + No Plans + Attempts

No Thoughts + No Plans + Attempts

Thoughts + Plans + Attempts

Thoughts + No Plans + Attempts

No Thoughts + No Plans + Attempts

COR (95% CI)

COR (95% CI)

COR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

(i) How often have you been bullied in school in the past six months?

Not at all

438 (18.1%)

43 (9.8%)

26 (5.9%)

11 (2.5%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

136 (5.62%)

22 (16.2%)

9 (6.6%)

3 (2.2%)

1.77 (1.00–3.06)*

1.12 (0.49–2.37)

0.88 (0.20–2.85)

0.88 (0.37–1.98)

1.23 (0.42–3.34)

0.29 (0.01–2.23)

More than once a week

198 (8.19%)

20 (10.1%)

8 (4%)

3 (1.5%)

1.03 (0.58–1.78)

0.67 (0.28–1.44)

0.60 (0.13–1.94)

0.83 (0.37–1.77)

0.92 (0.31–2.46)

0.70 (0.09–3.70)

Most days

1,647 (68.1%)

156 (9.5%)

46 (2.8%)

27 (1.6%)

0.96 (0.68–1.39)

0.46 (0.28–0.75)**

0.65 (0.33–1.37)

1.38 (0.86–2.30)

0.72 (0.38–1.42)

1.23 (0.47–3.62)

(ii) How often have you been bullied outside of school in the past six months?

Not at all

1,907 (78.8%)

155 (8.1%)

55 (2.9%)

23 (1.2%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

321 (13.3%)

53 (16.5%)

20 (6.2%)

17 (5.3%)

2.24 (1.58–3.11)***

2.24 (1.29–3.72)**

4.58 (2.38–8.63)***

1.59 (0.96–2.60)

1.11 (0.49–2.41)

4.97 (1.80–13.3)**

More than once a week

100 (4.13%)

20 (20%)

8 (8%)

4 (4%)

2.83 (1.65–4.65)***

2.93 (1.26–6.00)**

3.41 (0.99–9.09)*

1.66 (0.77–3.44)

1.09 (0.30–3.29)

1.87 (0.22–9.96)

Most days

92 (3.80%)

16 (17.4%)

4 (4.3%)

1 (1.1%)

2.38 (1.31–4.08)**

1.53 (0.46–3.84)

0.90 (0.05–4.34)

1.39 (0.60–2.99)

0.73 (0.11–2.79)

0.62 (0.03–4.61)

(iii) How often have you been bullying others in school in the past six months?

Not at all

2,023 (83.7%)

162 (8%)

63 (3.1%)

30 (1.5%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

193 (7.99%)

28 (14.5%)

11 (5.7%)

6 (3.1%)

1.95 (1.24–2.96)**

1.88 (0.92–3.49)

2.13 (0.79–4.84)

1.33 (0.71–2.42)

0.65 (0.21–1.75)

0.83 (0.16–3.19)

More than once a week

123 (5.09%)

32 (26%)

9 (7.3%)

6 (4.9%)

4.04 (2.59–6.17)***

2.46 (1.12–4.82)*

3.41 (1.26–7.80)**

1.91 (0.93–3.76)

1.56 (0.53–4.12)

0.58 (0.10–2.65)

Most days

78 (3.23%)

19 (24.4%)

4 (5.1%)

3 (3.8%)

3.70 (2.10–6.24)***

1.68 (0.50–4.21)

2.66 (0.63–7.68)

1.69 (0.72–3.74)

0.96 (0.19–3.50)

1.73 (0.29–7.97)

(iv) How often have you been bullying others outside of school in the past six months?

Not at all

2,024 (84.0%)

174 (8.6%)

60 (3%)

29 (1.4%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

196 (8.13%)

16 (8.2%)

12 (6.1%)

7 (3.6%)

0.95 (0.53–1.57)

2.13 (1.08–3.90)*

2.55 (1.02–5.58)*

0.70 (0.34–1.33)

1.04 (0.37–2.56)

0.98 (0.19–3.71)

More than once a week

81 (3.36%)

19 (23.5%)

5 (6.2%)

3 (3.7%)

3.26 (1.86–5.47)***

2.15 (0.74–5.03)

2.65 (0.62–7.65)

1.61 (0.74–3.37)

1.22 (0.33–3.84)

2.94 (0.48–14.2)

Most days

109 (4.52%)

31 (28.4%)

10 (9.2%)

6 (5.5%)

4.23 (2.68–6.53)***

3.31 (1.55–6.38)***

4.01 (1.48–9.24)**

1.87 (0.90–3.82)

1.89 (0.58–5.58)

3.32 (0.76–13.0)

(v) Who has bullied you (at school, outside of school)? – Girls

Not at all

1,935 (86.8%)

166 (8.6%)

65 (3.4%)

28 (1.4%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

127 (5.70%)

19 (15%)

10 (7.9%)

3 (2.4%)

1.87 (1.09–3.06)*

2.46 (1.16–4.70)*

1.65 (0.39–4.73)

0.61 (0.28–1.25)

0.76 (0.23–2.08)

1.57 (0.31–5.83)

More than once a week

45 (2.02%)

9 (20%)

2 (4.4%)

0 (0%)

2.66 (1.19–5.39)*

1.34 (0.22–4.47)

0.00 (0.00–3,480,318)

0.83 (0.29–2.08)

0.35 (0.02–2.01)

0.00 (0.00–392,669,485,947,819,905,046,668,824)

Most days

123 (5.52%)

25 (20.3%)

10 (8.1%)

7 (5.7%)

2.72 (1.67–4.27)***

2.55 (1.20–4.87)**

4.11 (1.62–9.11)**

0.89 (0.42–1.76)

0.72 (0.18–2.16)

3.48 (0.98–11.0)*

(vi) Who has bullied you (at school, outside of school)? – Boys

Not at all

1,740 (77.1%)

136 (7.8%)

54 (3.1%)

27 (1.6%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

270 (12.0%)

39 (14.4%)

17 (6.3%)

8 (3%)

1.99 (1.34–2.89)***

2.10 (1.16–3.60)**

1.94 (0.81–4.12)

0.96 (0.54–1.66)

1.05 (0.42–2.46)

0.43 (0.10–1.56)

More than once a week

99 (4.39%)

23 (23.2%)

5 (5.1%)

4 (4%)

3.57 (2.13–5.79)***

1.66 (0.57–3.87)

2.67 (0.78–7.00)

1.99 (0.96–4.00)

0.77 (0.18–2.62)

1.01 (0.17–4.58)

Most days

148 (6.56%)

25 (16.9%)

10 (6.8%)

4 (2.7%)

2.40 (1.48–3.76)***

2.26 (1.07–4.35)*

1.76 (0.52–4.58)

1.04 (0.51–2.05)

0.99 (0.31–2.74)

1.17 (0.24–4.71)

(vii) Who has bullied you (at school, outside of school)? – Adults

Not at all

1,847 (83.8%)

147 (8%)

57 (3.1%)

28 (1.5%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

153 (6.94%)

23 (15%)

10 (6.5%)

4 (2.6%)

2.05 (1.25–3.23)**

2.20 (1.04–4.21)*

1.74 (0.51–4.52)

1.45 (0.76–2.66)

1.12 (0.37–2.90)

0.69 (0.13–2.76)

More than once a week

90 (4.08%)

27 (30%)

11 (12.2%)

5 (5.6%)

4.96 (3.02–7.94)***

4.37 (2.10–8.36)***

3.82 (1.27–9.35)**

1.74 (0.80–3.65)

3.39 (1.18–9.29)*

2.04 (0.40–9.00)

Most days

114 (5.17%)

20 (17.5%)

5 (4.4%)

2 (1.8%)

2.46 (1.44–4.02)***

1.44 (0.49–3.34)

1.16 (0.19–3.93)

1.52 (0.73–3.02)

0.56 (0.08–2.22)

0.68 (0.09–3.35)

(viii) Who has bullied you (at school, outside of school)?—A group (e.g. a group of friends, a class etc.)

Not at all

1,604 (76.8%)

122 (7.6%)

50 (3.1%)

23 (1.4%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 

Less than once a week

208 (9.96%)

36 (17.3%)

11 (5.3%)

7 (3.4%)

2.54 (1.68–3.77)***

1.74 (0.85–3.27)

2.39 (0.94–5.38)*

2.01 (1.14–3.49)*

1.02 (0.37–2.49)

2.61 (0.76–8.33)

 

More than once a week

115 (5.51%)

23 (20%)

9 (7.8%)

3 (2.6%)

3.04 (1.82–4.90)***

2.64 (1.19–5.26)**

1.84 (0.43–5.39)

2.00 (0.96–4.03)

1.63 (0.49–4.76)

0.85 (0.09–5.08)

 

Most days

162 (7.75%)

36 (22.2%)

14 (8.6%)

5 (3.1%)

3.47 (2.27–5.21)***

2.94 (1.53–5.31)***

2.19 (0.73–5.40)

1.40 (0.73–2.61)

1.99 (0.75–4.85)

1.15 (0.25–4.24)

(ix) I have sibling(s) (half-siblings or similar)

No

956 (43.9%)

76 (7.9%)

35 (3.7%)

23 (2.4%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

1,220 (56.1%)

138 (11.3%)

46 (3.8%)

20 (1.6%)

1.48 (1.10–1.99)**

1.03 (0.66–1.62)

0.68 (0.37–1.24)

1.14 (0.80–1.62)

1.03 (0.61–1.76)

0.39 (0.17–0.88)*

(x) How often have you been bullied by a sibling at home in the past six months

Not at all

2,109 (87.9%)

190 (9%)

73 (3.5%)

32 (1.5%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

165 (6.88%)

23 (13.9%)

10 (6.1%)

10 (6.1%)

1.64 (1.00–2.56)*

1.80 (0.86–3.40)

4.19 (1.92–8.38)***

1.27 (0.66–2.32)

2.09 (0.87–4.64)

2.98 (0.90–8.67)

More than once a week

59 (2.46%)

9 (15.3%)

2 (3.4%)

0 (0%)

1.82 (0.82–3.58)

0.98 (0.16–3.22)

0.00 (0.00–51,114,092,156)

0.70 (0.19–2.01)

1.21 (0.18–4.75)

0.00 (0.00–456,310,851,852,091,581,802,446)

Most days

65 (2.71%)

17 (26.2%)

2 (3.1%)

1 (1.5%)

3.58 (1.96–6.22)***

0.89 (0.14–2.91)

1.01 (0.06–4.83)

2.06 (0.86–4.66)

0.79 (0.11–3.38)

1.08 (0.05–8.43)

(xi) How often have you been bullying your sibling at home in the past six months?

Not at all

1,904 (79.5%)

168 (8.8%)

57 (3%)

30 (1.6%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Less than once a week

274 (11.4%)

33 (12%)

20 (7.3%)

9 (3.3%)

1.41 (0.94–2.08)

2.55 (1.47–4.25)***

2.12 (0.94–4.34)

0.84 (0.47–1.44)

1.22 (0.53–2.60)

1.38 (0.41–4.07)

More than once a week

117 (4.88%)

25 (21.4%)

8 (6.8%)

3 (2.6%)

2.81 (1.72–4.43)***

2.38 (1.03–4.84)*

1.64 (0.39–4.70)

0.90 (0.41–1.85)

0.84 (0.25–2.43)

0.81 (0.13–4.06)

Most days

101 (4.22%)

16 (15.8%)

3 (3%)

1 (1%)

1.95 (1.08–3.31)*

0.99 (0.24–2.75)

0.62 (0.03–2.96)

0.56 (0.22–1.24)

0.89 (0.19–2.94)

0.35 (0.02–2.52)

  1. COR Crude Odds Ratio, AOR Adjusted Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval
  2. *p < 0.05
  3. **p < 0.01
  4. ***p < 0.001
  5. † = row percentage