Table 4 Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses of factors associated with depression in adults with HF in Ethiopia, 2023, (n = 383)

Age

18–39

38(17.51)

36(21.69)

1

1

40–69

124(57.14)

98(59.04)

1.20(0.71,2.03)

0.71 (0.34,1.46)

0.346

≥70

55(25.35)

32(19.28)

1.63(0.87,3.06)

0.49 (0.19,1.28)

0.145

Sex

Male

90(41.47)

94(56.63)

1

1

Female

127(58.53)

72(43.37)

1.84(1.22,2.77)

2.31 (1.30,4.08)

0.004*

Marital status

Single

34(15.67)

31(18.67)

0.88(0.50,1.54)

1.09(0.53,2.25)

0.808

Married

109(50.23)

87(52.41)

1

1

Divorced

23(10.60)

10(6.02)

1.84(0.83,4.06)

1.53(0.54,4.29)

0.423

Widowed

41(18.89)

28(16.87)

1.17(0.67,2.04)

0.81(0.37,1.78)

0.603

Separated

10(4.61)

10(6.02)

0.80(0.32,2.00)

0.51(0.16,1.65)

0.260

Educational level

Illiterate

71(32.72)

43(25.90)

1

1

Primary

69(31.80)

39(23.49)

1.07(0.62,1.85)

0.76(0.37,1.60)

0.458

Secondary

40(18.43)

47(28.31)

0.52(0.29,0.91)

0.62(0.29,1.30)

0.204

College & above

37(17.05)

37(22.29)

0.61(0.33,1.10)

0.96(0.41,2.24)

0.928

Diabetes mellitus

No

150(69.12)

153(92.17)

1

1

Yes

67(30.88)

13(7.83)

5.26(2.79,9.92)

3.16(1.47,6.82)

0.003*

COPD

No

208(95.85)

164(98.80)

1

1

Yes

9(4.15)

2(1.20)

3.55(0.76,16.65)

2.43(0.41,14.49)

0.329

NYHA class

Class I

62(28.57)

73(43.98)

1

1

Class II

62(28.11)

56(33.73)

1.28(0.78,2.11)

1.00(0.54,1.87)

0.997

Class III

62(28.11)

32(19.28)

2.24(1.30,3.78)

1.59(0.78,3.23)

0.204

Class IV

33(15.21)

5(3.01)

7.77(2.86,21.12)

3.59(1.05,12.30)

0.042*

Social support

Poor

123(56.68)

35(21.08)

7.14(4.05,12.57)

6.04(2.97,12.32)

0.001*

Moderate

62(28.57)

66(39.76)

1.91(1.10,3.29)

1.78(0.89,3.57)

0.103

Strong

32(14.75)

65(39.16)

1

1

Employment status

Employed

87(40.09)

97(58.43)

1

1

Unemployed

130(59.91)

69(41.57)

2.10(1.39,3.17)

1.18(0.67,2.09)

0.562

Hospitalisation History

No

134(61.75)

117(70.48)

1

1

Yes

83(38.25)

49(29.52)

1.48(0.96,2.28)

1.05(0.60,1.83)

0.863

Number of medications daily

<5

133(61.29)

143(86.14)

1

1

≥5

84(38.71)

23(13.86)

3.93(2.34,6.59)

5.26(2.72,10.18)

0.001*

Health perception

Excellent

11(5.07)

21(12.65)

1

1

Very good

36(16.59)

66(39.76)

1.04(0.45,2.40)

1.24(0.44,3.44)

0.684

Fair

93(42.86)

56(33.73)

3.17(1.42,7.07)

3.50(1.29,9.52)

0.014*

Poor

77(35.48)

23(13.86)

6.39(2.69,15.19)

4.74(1.64,13.73)

0.004*