Table 3 Cross-sectional association between adverse childhood experiences and anxiety and depressive symptoms reported in Wave 7 in the K-cohort

Household financial hardship

1.10 (0.88–1.37)

0.390

1.07 (0.85–1.35)

0.545

1.33 (1.11–1.58)

0.002

1.32 (0.96–1.83)

0.085

Household drug or alcohol abuse

1.14 (0.75–1.75)

0.52

0.98 (0.67–1.44)

0.926

1.53 (1.10–2.15)

0.011

0.94 (0.52–1.69)

0.837

Marital separation

1.03 (0.62–1.70)

0.91

0.89 (0.58–1.35)

0.596

1.44 (0.97–2.13)

0.064

1.28 (0.60–2.77)

0.520

Verbal or physical IPC

0.90 (0.58–1.37)

0.613

1.17 (0.90–1.55)

0.242

1.41 (1.03–1.94)

0.032

1.04 (0.62–1.76)

0.876

Unsafe neighborhood

2.91 (1.86–4.56)

< 0.001

1.18 (0.99–1.41)

0.60

2.74 (1.78–4.22)

< 0.001

1.02 (0.871.20)

0.794

Parental psychological distress

1.85 (1.22–2.80)

0.004

1.90 (1.20–2.99)

0.006

6 (3-9)

2.06 (1.44–2.93)

< 0.001

1.86 (1.23–2.79)

0.003

5 (2-8)

Death of family member

1.12 (0.80–1.61)

0.505

1.15 (0.83–1.59)

0.388

1.16 (0.87–1.56)

0.299

1.08 (0.78–1.49)

0.627

Bullying

victimization

3.16 (2.48–4.04)

< 0.001

2.91 (2.23–3.80)

< 0.001

47 (36–56)

2.26 (1.90–2.69)

< 0.001

1.76 (1.28–2.41)

< 0.001

21 (12-28)

Any ACEs

0

Ref

Ref*

Ref

Ref*

1

2.27 (1.71–3.02)

< 0.001

2.28 (1.69–3.09)

< 0.001

2.22 (1.80–2.74)

< 0.001

1.52 (1.09–2.13)

< 0.013

2

3.69 (2.64–5.15)

< 0.001

3.50 (2.45–5.03)

< 0.001

3.04 (2.33–3.97)

< 0.001

2.02 (1.38–2.94)

< 0.001

≥ 3

4.88 (3.02–7.88)

< 0.001

4.10 (2.41–6.99)

< 0.001

47 (34–57)

4.73 (3.10–7.21)

< 0.001

2.76 (1.66–4.60)

< 0.001

33 (15–47)