Table 4 Association between adverse childhood experiences prior to Wave 7 and anxiety and depressive symptoms at Wave 7 in the K-cohort

Household financial hardship

1.44 (1.17–1.78)

0.001

1.21(0.93–1.57)

0.160

6 (1-13)

1.49 (1.26–1.77)

< 0.001

1.12 (0.93–1.34)

0.211

Household drug or alcohol abuse

1.85 (1.41–2.44)

< 0.001

1.03 (0.68–1.54)

0.186

1.63 (1.29–2.06)

< 0.001

1.17 (0.68–1.99)

0.567

Marital separation

1.53 (1.18–1.97)

0.001

1.04 (0.58–1.84)

0.902

1.48 (1.19–1.83)

< 0.001

1.60 (0.84–3.03)

0.149

Verbal or physical IPC

1.33 (0.99–1.79)

0.060

1.15 (0.91–1.62)

0.267

1.64 (1.30–2.08)

< 0.001

1.19 (0.80–1.75)

0.383

Unsafe neighborhood

1.57 (1.22–2.01)

< 0.001

1.44 (0.90–2.30)

0.125

1.57 (1.27–1.92)

< 0.001

1.33 (0.83–2.15)

0.240

Parental psychological distress

2.26 (1.65–3.09)

< 0.001

1.84 (1.24–2.75)

0.003

15 (4-24)

2.44 (1.88–3.18)

< 0.001

1.78 (1.24–2.56)

0.002

15 (7-21)

Death of family member

1.52 (1.18–1.97)

0.001

1.14 (0.67–1.96)

0.625

1.48 (1.19–1.83)

< 0.001

1.17 (0.72–1.90)

0.516

Bullying

victimization

1.44 (1.16–1.78)

0.001

1.49 (1.06–2.09)

0.020

13 (7–29.0)

1.36 (1.15–1.61)

< 0.001

1.41 (1.05–1.91)

0.023

17 (11-24)

Hostile parenting

1.24 (0.97–1.58)

0.086

1.20 (0.73–1.96)

0.462

1.01 (0.82–1.24)

0.095

1.10 (0.78–1.55)

0.571

Any ACEs

0

Ref

Ref *

Ref

Ref *

1

1.24 (0.84–1.82)

0.270

1.24 (0.84–1.82)

0.073

1.25 (0.83–1.51)

0.433

1.09 (0.81–1.47)

0.539

2

1.35 (0.92–1.99)

0.118

1.34 (0.91–1.97)

0.004

1.51 (1.13–2.03)

0.005

1.43 (1.06–1.92)

0.018

3

1.79 (1.20–2.67)

0.004

2.75 (1.17–2.62)

< 0.001

2.04 (1.49–2.78)

< 0.001

1.81 (1.31–2.48)

< 0.001

≥ 4

2.61 (1.74–3.91)

< 0.001

2.53 (1.67–3.82)

< 0.001

32 (8–50)

2.21 (1.59–3.06)

< 0.001

1.84 (1.31–2.59)

< 0.001

28 (8-41)