Table 1 General characteristics of the data set

Gender n (%)

Male (0)

Female (1)

283(50.99)

272(49.01)

313(62.98)

184(37.02)

15.341^a

Location of Residential Address n (%)

Urban (0)

Rural (1)

91(16.40)

464(83.60)

111(22.33)

386(77.67)

5.958^a

Farsightedness n (%)

good functionality(0)

poor functionality(1)

355(63.96)

200(36.04)

410(82.49)

87(17.51)

45.386^a

Shortsightedness n (%)

good functionality(0)

poor functionality(1)

363(65.41)

192(34.59)

411(82.70)

86(17.30)

40.319^a

Hearing n (%)

good functionality(0)

poor functionality(1)

411(74.05)

144(25.95)

448(90.14)

49(9.86)

45.295^a

Evaluate Health during Childhood n (%)

NO(0)

YES(1)

505(90.99)

50(9.01)

478(96.38)

19(5.62)

11.506^a

Intensive Physical Activity More than 10 min Each Week n (%)

NO(0)

YES(1)

451(81.26)

104(18.74)

408(82.09)

89(17.91)

0.121^a

Moderate Physical Activity More than 10 min Each Week n (%)

NO(0)

YES(1)

397(71.53)

158(28.47)

377(75.86)

120(24.14)

2.521^a

Light Physical Activity More than 10 min Each Week n (%)

NO(0)

YES(1)

123(22.16)

432(77.84)

59(11.87)

438(88.13)

19.408^a

Any possible helper in the future n (%)

NO(0)

YES(1)

218(39.28)

337(60.72)

130(26.16)

367(73.84)

20.396^a

Smoked n (%)

NO(0)

YES(1)

467(84.14)

88(15.86)

425(85.51)

72(14.49)

0.381^a

Hours of sleep per day (x ± s)

-0.3.79

Hours of daily nap (x ± s)

2.43

Alcoholic in the Past Year n (%)

never or very rarely(1)

less than 1 time per month(2)

more than 1 per month(3)

258(46.49)

53(9.54)

244(43.97)

315 (63.38)

43 (8.65)

139 (27.97)

-5.688

Difficulty with Dressing n (%)

No difficulties(1)

Difficult, can still be done(2)

Difficult, need help(3)

Unable to complete(4)

393(70.81)

99(17.84)

41(7.39)

22(3.96)

403 (81.09)

43 (8.65)

30 (6.04)

21 (4.22)

-3.492

Difficulty with Bathing or Showering n (%)

No difficulties(1)

Difficult, can still be done(2)

Difficult, need help(3)

Unable to complete(4)

367(66.12)

64(11.53)

86(15.50)

38(6.85)

382 (76.86)

35 (7.04)

45 (9.05)

35 (7.05)

-3.508

Difficulty with Eating n (%)

No difficulties(1)

Difficult, can still be done(2)

Difficult, need help(3)

Unable to complete(4)

486(87.57)

51(9.19)

12(2.16)

6(1.08)

450 (90.54)

20 (4.02)

14 (2.82)

13 (2.62)

-1.331

Difficulty with Getting into or out of Bed n (%)

No difficulties(1)

Difficult, can still be done(2)

Difficult, need help(3)

Unable to complete(4)

399(71.89)

113 (20.36) 31 (5.59)

12 (2.16)

407 (81.89)

47 (9.46)

16 (3.22)

27 (5.43)

-3.313

Difficulty with Using the Toilet n (%)

No difficulties(1)

Difficult, can still be done(2)

Difficult, need help(3)

Unable to complete(4)

313 (56.4)

164(29.55)

45 (8.11)

33 (5.94)

350 (70.42)

82 (16.5)

28 (5.63)

37 (7.45)

-3.990

Difficulty with Controlling Urination and Defecation n (%)

No difficulties(1)

Difficult, can still be done(2)

Difficult, need help(3)

Unable to complete(4)

461(83.06)

57 (10.27)

18 (3.24)

19 (3.43)

450 (90.54)

21 (4.23)

8 (1.61)

18 (3.62)

-3.393

Difficulty with Household Chores n (%)

No difficulties(1)

Difficult, can still be done(2)

Difficult, need help(3)

Unable to complete(4)

277(49.91)

86 (15.5)

59 (10.63)

133(23.98)

338 (68.01)

35 (7.04)

29 (5.84)

95 (19.11)

-5.064

Difficulty with Preparing Hot Meals n (%)

No difficulties(1)

Difficult, can still be done(2)

Difficult, need help(3)

Unable to complete(4)

339(61.08)

58 (10.45)

36 (6.49)

122(21.98)

348 (70.02)

30 (6.04)

18 (3.62)

101 (20.32)

-2.537

Difficulty with Shopping for Groceries n (%)

No difficulties(1)

Difficult, can still be done(2)

Difficult, need help(3)

Unable to complete(4)

361(65.05)

43 (7.75)

37 (6.67)

114 (20.53)

388 (78.07)

16 (3.22)

16 (3.22)

77 (15.49)

-4.256

Unable to work due to disability n (%)

YES(1)

NO(2)

Too old for work(3)

268(48.29)

202(36.39)

85 (15.32)

130 (26.16)

267 (53.72)

100 (20.12)

-6.447