Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics between MA-GS and HC-GS group

Demographic characteristics

Age (years)

38.98 ± 9.65

42.74 ± 9.38

-1.824

0.072 ^†

Gender (male)

35 (71.42%)

23 (60.53%)

1.145

0.285^#

BMI (kg/m²)

25.95 ± 3.43

24.91 ± 2.82

1.499

0.137 ^†

Smoking (Yes)

43 (87.76%)

4 (10.52%)

51.392

< 0.001^#

Clinical characteristics

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

3.00 (4.00)

3.50 (3.00)

-1.110

0.267^*

Sleep quality

0.00 (1.00)

0.00 (1.00)

-1.340

0.180^*

Sleep latency

1.00 (1.00)

1.00 (1.00)

-0.353

0.724^*

Sleep duration

1.00 (2.00)

1.00 (1.00)

-0.110

0.912^*

Habitual sleep efficiency

0.00 (1.00)

0.00 (0.00)

-1.027

0.304^*

Sleep disturbance

0.00 (1.00)

0.50 (1.00)

-1.509

0.131^*

Use of sleeping medication

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

-0.181

0.856^*

Daytime dysfunction

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (1.00)

-2.127

0.033^*

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)

0.00 (7.00)

0.00 (1.00)

-2.034

0.042^*

Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)

0.00 (4.00)

0.00 (2.00)

-0.618

0.536^*

Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

-2.595

0.009^*