Table 3 Prevalence of ADHD among children and adolescents in Spain: subgroup meta-analysis and heterogeneity analysis
Characteristics | Observations* (N) | Prevalence (%) | 95% CI | I2 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Origin of sample | |||||
School | 11 | 6.7 | 4.2-9.1 | 97.0% | < 0.001 |
General population | 5 | 7.2 | 4.0-10.5 | 88.8% | < 0.001 |
Geographic location | |||||
North/Northeast | 8 | 7.6 | 3.8-11.4 | 97.9% | < 0.001 |
South | 2 | 4.6 | 3.5-5.7 | 38.4% | 0.203 |
East | 6 | 6.6 | 4.3-8.9 | 86.7% | < 0.001 |
Sample size | |||||
< 600 subjects | 9 | 6.1 | 3.7-8.4 | 91.9% | < 0.001 |
> 600 subjects | 7 | 7.7 | 5.0-10.4 | 96.4% | < 0.001 |
Population age | |||||
Children (under 12 years) | 10 | 7.0 | 4.1-9.9 | 96.0% | < 0.001 |
Children and adolescent (under 17 years) | 6 | 6.6 | 3.9-9.3 | 95.6% | < 0.001 |
Peer reviewed journal | |||||
Yes | 12 | 6.7 | 4.4-8.9 | 95.9% | < 0.001 |
No | 4 | 7.3 | 2.7-12.0 | 96.9% | < 0.001 |
Reference to a diagnostic criterion | |||||
DSM-III-R | 8 | 6.1 | 4.5-7.7 | 81.4% | < 0.001 |
DSM-IV | 3 | 9.9 | 4.6-15.2 | 94.8% | < 0.001 |
None or not explicit | 5 | 5.8 | 1.5-10.0 | 98.1% | < 0.001 |
Impairment criterion | |||||
Yes | 9 | 8.3 | 5.5-11.0 | 92.0% | < 0.001 |
No | 7 | 5.2 | 2.5-7.9 | 97.2% | < 0.001 |
Clinical interview | |||||
Yes | 9 | 6.4 | 4.9-7.9 | 82.2% | < 0.001 |
No | 7 | 7.0 | 3.0-10.9 | 98.1% | < 0.001 |
Number of stages of evaluation | |||||
One | 7 | 7.5 | 3.3-11.7 | 98.1% | < 0.001 |
Two | 9 | 6.0 | 4.6-7.4 | 82.8% | < 0.001 |
Number of informants | |||||
One | 2 | 13.0 | 11.1-14.9 | 65.0% | 0.091 |
Two | 13 | 5.5 | 4.1-6.9 | 90.7% | < 0.001 |
Three | 1 | 9.0 | 5.2-12.8 | - | - |
Children are among the informants | |||||
Yes | 5 | 7.6 | 4.1-11.2 | 89.4% | < 0.001 |
No | 11 | 6.5 | 4.1-8.9 | 97.0% | < 0.001 |
Teachers are the sole informants | |||||
Yes | 2 | 13.0 | 11.1-14.9 | 65.0% | 0.091 |
No | 14 | 5.7 | 4.3-7.1 | 90.4% | < 0.001 |