Health care utilization, somatic and mental health distress, and well-being among widowed and non-widowed female survivors of war

Table 2 Somatic and mental health symptoms and well-being among the groups

	1. Widowed lone mothers (N = 100)	2. Non-bereaved married mothers (N = 71)	3. Bereaved married mothers (N = 35)	ANCOVA	Comparison between groups p-value
	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	F(2,203)	1 vs. 2	1 vs. 3
PHQ-S	25.47 (4.86)	21.69 (5.20)	22.46 (5.04)	9.29	<0.001	0.04
PHQ-D	15.54 (7.11)	6.80 (5.81)	7.97 (6.54)	14.78	<0.001	<0.001
PHQ-A	16.32 (3.29)	12.80 (3.68)	13.14 (3.44)	11.05	<0.001	<0.001
PDS	26.96 (12.25)	8.21 (9.81)	10.18 (10.29)	22.85	<0.001	<0.001
PANAS-P	15.79 (4.71)	18.44 (4.48)	18.55 (4.32)	5.85	<0.01	0.03
PANAS-N	16.00 (3.69)	13.30 (4.87)	13.85 (3.20)	5.27	<0.001	0.02
SWLS	17.24 (6.12)	22.69 (5.62)	21.30 (6.62)	7.64	<0.001	<0.01

Note: PHQ-S: Patient Health Questionnaire-Somatization Subscale; PHQ-D: Patient Health Questionnaire-Depression Subscale; PHQ-A: Patient Health Questionnaire-Anxiety Subscale; PDS: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale; PANAS-P: Positive and Negative Affect Scale-Positive Subscale; PANAS-N: Positive and Negative Affect Scale-Negative Subscale; SWLS: Satisfaction with Life Scale; Results were adujsted for age, years of education, monthly income, and number of war-related events.

ISSN: 1471-244X