Table 2 Factors associated with pain in bipolar depressed patients
From: Factors associated with chronic pain in patients with bipolar depression: a cross-sectional study
Variable | Label | OR | CI 95% | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (N=119) | Male * | 0.355 | ||
Female | 1.42 | (0.68;2.99) | ||
Educational Level (N=119) | Illiterate: No educational level completed* | 0.523 | ||
Primary | 1.27 | (0.33;4.86) | ||
Secondary | 1.21 | (0.29;5.06) | ||
University | 0.58 | (0.12;2.75) | ||
Marital status (N=119) | Living with a partner * | 0.098 | ||
Divorced/Separated | 0.69 | (0.27;1.79) | ||
Single | 0.97 | (0.35;2.65) | ||
Widow(er) | 4.84 | (0.98;23.91) | ||
Age (N=113) | 1.03 | (1.00;1.07) | 0.034 | |
Diagnostic group (N=121) | Bipolar disorder only * | 0.069 | ||
Bipolar and other depressive disorders | 2.09 | (0.94;4.66) | ||
Depressed Mood (N=121) | Yes | 2.14 | (0.19;24.25) | 0.527 |
Anhedonia (N=121) | Yes | 0.83 | (0.21;3.25) | 0.787 |
Diminished Concentration (N=121) | Yes | 1.41 | (0.49;4.08) | 0.520 |
Sleep Disorders (N=121) | Yes | 2.61 | (0.85;8.05) | 0.083 |
Change of body weight/appetite (N=121) | Yes | 1.25 | (0.59;2.60) | 0.556 |
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt (N=121) | Yes | 1.69 | (0.72;3.93) | 0.222 |
Loss of Energy (N=121) | Yes | 3.39 | (0.68;17.55) | 0.117 |
Psychomotor Activity changes (N=121) | Yes | 1.23 | (0.42;3.64) | 0.705 |
Suicidal Ideation (N=121) | Yes | 0.74 | (0.36;1.52) | 0.412 |
Number of depressive episodes (N=111) | 0.96 | (0.85;1.08) | 0.492 | |
Duration of the current depressive episode (Months, N=29) | 1.05 | (0.95;1.16) | 0.300 | |
Hamilton Scale score (N=121) | 1.04 | (0.99;1.09) | 0.118 | |
Maier Subscale score (N=116) | 1.05 | (0.96;1.16) | 0.301 | |