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Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multinomial logistic regression on depression treatment among individuals with depression and osteoarthritis: medical expenditures panel survey, 2008 and 2010

From: Depression treatment patterns among individuals with osteoarthritis: a cross sectional study

  

Antidepressants only

Antidepressants & psychotherapy

  

AOR

95% CI

Sig

AOR

95% CI

Sig

Predisposing factors

Gender

      
 

Male

      
 

Female

1.67

[1.28,2.18]

***

1.42

[0.96,2.09]

 

Race

      
 

White

      
 

African Americans

0.33

[0.21,0.51]

***

0.39

[0.23,0.65]

***

 

Other race

0.39

[0.26,0.58]

***

0.60

[0.36,0.98]

*

Age

      
 

22-39

      
 

40-49

1.60

[1.09,2.34]

*

1.27

[0.82,1.98]

 
 

50-64

2.24

[1.46,3.42]

***

1.43

[0.90,2.26]

 
 

65,+

2.19

[1.40,3.43]

***

0.53

[0.28,0.98]

*

Enabling factors

Marital status

      
 

Married

      
 

Not married

0.71

[0.54,0.95]

*

1.01

[0.68,1.49]

 

Education

      
 

High school

      
 

Less than high school

0.68

[0.45,1.04]

 

0.39

[0.24,0.62]

***

 

More than high school

0.89

[0.64,1.22]

 

0.55

[0.36,0.84]

**

Poverty status

      
 

High income

      
 

Poor

0.86

[0.58,1.28]

 

0.88

[0.55,1.42]

 
 

Middle income

0.76

[0.53,1.10]

 

0.52

[0.32,0.82]

**

Insurance

      
 

Private

      
 

Public

0.82

[0.58,1.17]

 

1.57

[0.99,2.51]

 
 

Uninsured

0.62

[0.40,0.95]

*

0.72

[0.43,1.21]

 

Need factors

Perceived mental health

      
 

Excellent/very good

      
 

Good

0.99

[0.72,1.35]

 

1.53

[0.94,2.48]

 
 

MH Fair/poor

0.64

[0.45,0.92]

*

1.93

[1.15,3.25]

*

Anxiety

      
 

No anxiety

      
 

Anxiety

1.53

[1.06,2.22]

*

3.52

[2.40,5.15]

***

Perceived physical health

      
 

Excellent/very good

      
 

Good

0.90

[0.61,1.34]

 

0.80

[0.46,1.39]

 
 

Fair/poor

0.84

[0.54,1.31]

 

0.59

[0.34,1.01]

 

Pain

      
 

No pain at all

      
 

Pain

1.17

[0.85,1.60]

 

0.92

[0.61,1.39]

 

COPD

      
 

No COPD

      
 

COPD

1.07

[0.73,1.57]

 

1.04

[0.69,1.57]

 

Diabetes

      
 

No diabetes

      
 

Diabetes

1.64

[1.20,2.25]

**

1.34

[0.90,2.01]

 

Heart disease

      
 

No heart disease

      
 

Heart disease

1.49

[1.07,2.09]

*

1.32

[0.88,1.99]

 

Functional disability

      
 

No

      
 

Yes

0.99

[0.73,1.34]

 

1.39

[0.94,2.05]

 

Personal health practice factors

BMI

      
 

Under-normal weight

      
 

Overweight

1.08

[0.77,1.53]

 

1.13

[0.71,1.78]

 
 

Obese

1.31

[0.92,1.87]

 

1.51

[1.01,2.25]

*

Smoking status

      
 

Other

      
 

Current smoker

1.15

[0.77,1.72]

 

1.21

[0.81,1.81]

 

Exercise

      
 

3 times per week

      
 

No exercise

0.92

[0.69,1.22]

 

0.94

[0.65,1.36]

 

External healthcare environment

Metro

      
 

Metro

      
 

Rural

1.28

[0.86,1.89]

 

1.03

[0.67,1.58]

 
  1. Note: Based on 647 adults, aged 21 years older with self-reported depression and Osteoarthritis who were alive during the calendar year (2008 and 2010). Asterisks represent significant group differences by type of treatment compared to the reference group based on multinomial logistic regression. The reference group for the dependent variable in the multinomial logistic regression was “No Depression Treatment”.
  2. AOR: Adjusted odds ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; Sig: significance.
  3. ***p< .001;**.001 ≤ p<.01;*.01≤ p<.05.
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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