| |
Bipolar I disorder (N = 32)
|
Bipolar II disorder (N = 81)
|
Total
|
Daily dosage min–max
|
|---|
| |
N (%)
|
N (%)
|
N (%)
|
Mg
|
|---|
|
Lithium
|
20 (62.5)
|
15 (18.5)
*
|
35 (31.0)
|
300–1950
|
|
Anticonvulsants
|
10 (31.3)
|
36 (44.4)
†
|
46 (40.7)
| |
|
Valproate
|
3 (9.4)
|
14 (17.3)
|
17 (15)
|
250–2000
|
|
Carbamazepine
|
1 (3.1)
|
0
|
1 (0.9)
|
600
|
|
Lamotrigine
|
6 (18.8)
|
13 (16)
|
19 (16.8)
|
50–500
|
|
Gabapentin
|
1 (3.1)
|
6 (7.4)
|
7 (6.2)
|
300–1600
|
|
Topiramate
|
1 (3.1)
|
9 (11.1)
|
10 (8.8)
|
25–200
|
|
Levetiracetam
|
0
|
1 (1.2)
|
1 (0.9)
|
250
|
|
Antidepressants
|
17 (53.1)
|
54 (66.7)
†
|
71 (62.8)
| |
|
SSRIs
|
7 (21.9)
|
27 (33.3)
|
34 (30.1)
| |
|
Citalopram
|
4 (12.5)
|
10 (12.3)
|
14 (12.4)
|
20–80
|
|
Escitalopram
|
1 (3.1)
|
12 (14.8)
|
13 (11.5)
|
5–40
|
|
Fluoxetine
|
1 (3.1)
|
1 (1.2)
|
2 (1.8)
|
20
|
|
Fluvoxamine
|
1 (3.1)
|
0
|
1 (0.9)
|
200
|
|
Paroxetine
|
0
|
2 (2.5)
|
2 (1.8)
|
40–60
|
|
Sertraline
|
0
|
2 (2.5)
|
2 (1.8)
|
100–200
|
|
SNRI
|
9 (28.1)
|
13 (16.0)
|
22 (19.5)
| |
|
Duloxetine
|
0
|
1 (1.2)
|
1 (0.9)
|
60
|
|
Venlafaxine
|
9 (28.1)
|
12 (14.8)
|
21 (18.6)
|
75–300
|
|
Moclobemide
|
0
|
1 (1.2)
|
1 (0.9)
|
600
|
|
Antidepressants Tricyclic
|
1 (3.1)
|
5 (6.2)
|
6 (5.3)
| |
|
Amitriptyline
|
1 (3.1)
|
4 (4.9)
|
5 (4.4)
|
10–100
|
|
Trimipramine
|
0
|
1 (1.2)
|
1 (0.9)
|
50
|
|
Other antidepressants
|
6 (18.8)
|
27 (33.3)
|
33 (29.2)
| |
|
Bupropion
|
2 (6.3)
|
13 (16.0)
|
15 (13.3)
|
100–450
|
|
Mirtazapine
|
0
|
4 (4.9)
|
4 (3.5)
|
7.5–60
|
|
Trazodone
|
5 (15.6)
|
13 (16.0)
|
18 (15.9)
|
50–200
|
|
Anxiolytics benzodiazepines
|
10 (31.3)
|
16 (19.8)
†
|
26 (23.0)
| |
|
Neuroleptics
|
18 (56.3)
|
33 (40.7)
†
|
51 (45.1)
| |
|
Neuroleptics first generation
|
2 (6.3)
|
4 (4.9)
|
6 (5.3)
| |
|
Methotrimeprazine
|
1 (3.1)
|
4 (4.9)
|
5 (4.4)
|
10–125
|
|
Trifluoperazine
|
1 (3.1)
|
0
|
1 (0.9)
|
3
|
|
Neuroleptics second generation
|
17 (53.1)
|
30 (37.0)
|
47 (41.6)
| |
|
Olanzapine
|
7 (21.9)
|
6 (7.4)
|
13 (11.5)
|
2.5–20
|
|
Quetiapine
|
8 (25.0)
|
18 (22.2)
|
26 (23.0)
|
12.5–450
|
|
Risperidone
|
2 (6.3)
|
8 (9.9)
|
10 (8.8)
|
0.5–2.00
|
|
Stimulants – methylphenidate
|
0
|
1 (1.2)
|
1 (0.9)
|
5
|
|
Hypnotics – Zopiclone
|
0
|
5 (6.2)
|
5 (4.4)
|
3.75–30
|
|
No psychotropics
|
0
|
8 (90.0)
|
8 (7.0)
| |
