Table 8 Invariance testing on reduced GHQ-28 item subscales for BiB1000

Reduced Somatic subscale A (Items 1–4)

English (White)

L: 0.004, -0.010

L: -0.003, -0.010

I: 0.013, -0.012

I: 0.056, -0.020

English (Other)

L: 0.004, -0.014

L: 0.000, -0.011

L: -0.001, -0.013

I: -0.006, 0.001

I: 0.007, -0.010

I: 0.015, -0.001

Urdu (Pakistani)

L: -0.006, -0.003

L: 0.000, -0.008

L: -0.003, -0.010

L: 0.000, -0.011

I: 0.017, -0.011

I: 0.000, -0.004

I: 0.005, -0.004

I: 0.000, 0.000

Reduced Anxiety and Insomnia subscale B (Items 10–13)

English (White)

L: 0.000, -0.015

L: 0.002, -0.017

I: 0.034, -0.021

I: 0.006, -0.004

English (Other)

L: 0.000, -0.003

L: 0.013, -0.031

L: 0.001, -0.016

I: 0.002, -0.009

--

I: 0.010, -0.006

Urdu (Pakistani)

L: 0.001, -0.015

L: 0.003, -0.015

L: 0.005, -0.017

L: 0.040, -0.038

I: 0.020, -0.015

I: 0.018, -0.008

I: 0.009, -0.005

--

Reduced Social Dysfunction subscale C (Items 15–19)

English (White)

L: -0.004, 0.013

L: -0.002, -0.011

I: 0.003, -0.001

I: 0.004, -0.001

English (Other)

L: 0.010, -0.024

L: -0.002, 0.007

L: 0.012, -0.018

I: -0.001, 0.001

I: -0.002, -0.002

I: 0.000, 0.001

Urdu (Pakistani)

L: 0.008, -0.018

L: -0.015, -0.009

L: -0.010, -0.008

L: 0.004, -0.025

I: 0.028, -0.015

I: 0.024, -0.003

I: 0.020, -0.004

I: -0.003, 0.000

Reduced Severe Depression subscale D (Items 23–26)

English (White)

L: -0.011, -0.003

L: 0.001, -0.007

I: 0.033, -0.022

I: 0.018, -0.003

English (Other)

L: -0.016, -0.008

L: 0.082, -0.065

*

I: 0.009, 0.004

--

Urdu (Pakistani)

*

*

L: 0.072, -0.054--

*