Table 1 Family characteristics of the study population of 5122 adolescents in Shanghai
Variables | N (%) | Prevalence of Internet use (%)a | Total scoresb | Prevalence of AIA (%)c,d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Paternal education (missing 23) | p <0.001 | p <0.001 | p =0.01 | |
Illiteracy and elementary | 101 (2.0%) | 84.2% (85/101) | 112.3 ± 53.7 | 9.9% (10/101) |
Junior high school | 1115 (21.8%) | 92.8% (1035/1115) | 116.9 ± 43.3 | 8.7% (97/1115) |
Senior high school | 2362 (46.1%) | 94.9% (2242/2362) | 122.8 ± 39.1 | 10.0% (235/2362) |
University-level and beyond | 1521 (29.7%) | 93.6% (1424/1521) | 117.4 ± 40.5 | 6.8% (104/1521) |
Maternal education (missing 26) | p =0.002 | p <0.001 | p =0.001 | |
Illiteracy and elementary | 147 (2.9%) | 91.2% (134/147) | 110.8 ± 44.0 | 4.1% (6/147) |
Junior high school | 1215 (23.7%) | 92.2% (1120/1215) | 116.4 ± 43.6 | 8.7% (106/1215) |
Senior high school | 2327 (45.4%) | 94.8% (2206/2327) | 123.2 ± 39.5 | 10.3% (239/2327) |
University-level and beyond | 1407 (27.5%) | 94.0% (1323/1407) | 117.6 ± 40.0 | 6.9% (97/1407) |
Family structure (missing 0) | p =0.22 | p =0.01 | p =0.01 | |
Nuclear family | 3380 (66.0%) | 93.5% (3158/3380) | 118.9 ± 41.2 | 8.5% (288/3380) |
Three-generation family | 1069 (20.9%) | 95.0% (1016/1069) | 118.9 ± 38.9 | 7.5% (80/1069) |
Single parent family | 357 (7.0%) | 93.6% (334/357) | 124.3 ± 44.0 | 13.2% (47/357) |
Left-behind adolescents | 181 (3.5%) | 93.9% (170/181) | 124.7 ± 43.5 | 12.2% (22/181) |
Weekend parents | 135 (2.6%) | 96.3% (130/135) | 126.8 ± 35.1 | 9.6% (13/135) |
Parental marriage (missing 4) | p =0.23 | p =0.003 | p =0.004 | |
Married & together | 4477 (87.4%) | 93.9% (4202/4477) | 119.0 ± 40.5 | 8.3% (370/4477) |
Married-but-separated | 81 (1.6%) | 93.8% (76/81) | 132.5 ± 44.2 | 17.3% (14/81) |
Divorced | 360 (7.0%) | 93.6% (337/360) | 124.2 ± 43.5 | 12.2% (44/360) |
Widowed | 86 (1.7%) | 90.7% (78/86) | 117.5 ± 47.1 | 10.5% (9/86) |
Remarried | 114 (2.2%) | 97.4% (111/114) | 125.6 ± 35.9 | 11.4% (13/114) |
Commuter students or not (missing 13) | p =0.03 | p =0.002 | p =0.67 | |
Resident students | 451 (8.8%) | 96.0% (433/451) | 125.2 ± 35.6 | 9.5% (43/451) |
Commuter students | 4668 (91.2%) | 93.7% (4372/4668) | 119.2 ± 41.3 | 8.7% (407/4668) |
Only child (missing 12) | p =0.34 | p =0.21 | p =0.56 | |
Yes | 4658 (90.9%) | 94.0% (4377/4658) | 119.9 ± 40.8 | 8.9% (413/4658) |
No | 452 (8.8%) | 92.9% (420/452) | 117.4 ± 42.0 | 8.0% (36/452) |
Family housing (missing 18) | p <0.001 | p =0.01 | p =0.27 | |
Own | 4724 (92.2%) | 94.3% (4455/4724) | 120.1 ± 40.3 | 9.0% (423/4724) |
Rent | 380 (7.4%) | 89.0% (338/380) | 114.4 ± 46.9 | 6.8% (26/380) |
Having computers at home (missing 3) | p <0.001 | p <0.001 | p <0.001 | |
Yes | 4359 (85.1%) | 96.5% (4208/4359) | 123.9 ± 36.4 | 9.7% (422/4359) |
No | 760 (14.8%) | 78.6% (597/760) | 95.2 ± 54.4 | 3.7% (28/760) |
Having private bedroom (missing 9) | p <0.001 | p =0.02 | p =0.32 | |
Yes | 4169 (81.4%) | 94.5% (3940/4169) | 120.3 ± 39.7 | 8.6% (360/4169) |
No | 944 (18.4%) | 91.1% (860/944) | 116.8 ± 45.6 | 9.3% (88/944) |