Frequent nocturnal awakening in children: prevalence, risk factors, and associations with subjective sleep perception and daytime sleepiness

Table 3 Sleep environments and bedtime hygiene regarding FNA by multivariate logistical regression models (N = 20,505)

Variables	Model I		Model II		Model III		Model IV
Variables	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Pvalue	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Pvalue	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Pvalue	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Pvalue
Sleep environments
Sleep arrangements		.118		.141		.859		.741
Bed-sharing vs. sleeping alone	1.14 (1.01-1.29)	.039	1.13 (1.00-1.28)	.050	0.99 (0.88-1.13)	.927	0.97 (0.86-1.10)	.548
Room-sharing vs. sleeping alone	1.05 (0.92-1.22)	.467	1.06 (0.92-1.22)	.424	1.04 (0.90-1.20)	.620	1.04 (0.90-1.21)	.514
Bedroom intrusive noise vs. none	1.13 (0.91-1.40)	.286	1.12 (0.90-1.39)	.326	1.09 (0.87-1.36)	.462	1.01 (0.81-1.27)	.9207
Bedroom intrusive light vs. none	1.23 (1.06-1.42)	.006	1.22 (1.05-1.41)	.009	1.18 (1.01-1.37)	.032	1.15 (1.00-1.34)	.069
Bedtime hygiene
Having caffeine drinks after 6:00pm		<.001		<.001		.002		.054
Usually/often vs. occasionally/no	1.28 (1.16-1.41)		1.27 (1.15-1.40)		1.18 (1.07-1.30)		1.12 (0.99-1.24)
Doing exciting activities before bedtime		<.001		<.001		<.001		<.001
Usually/often vs. occasionally/no	1.43 (1.29-1.58)		1.41 (1.27-1.56)		1.31 (1.18-1.46)		1.24 (1.10-1.39)
Bedtime resistance vs. none	1.59 (1.41-1.80)	<.001	1.57 (1.39-1.78)	<.001	1.57 (1.37-1.80)	<.001	1.42 (1.24-1.63)	<.001
Irregular bedtime vs. none	1.12 (1.01-1.24)	.041	1.11 (1.00-1.23)	.057	0.92 (0.82-1.03)	.154	0.91 (0.81-1.02)	.075

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval;
Model I adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics;
Model II adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and sleep environments;
Model III adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, sleep environments, and bedtime hygiene;
Model IV adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, biological health problems, psychosocial conditions, family history, sleep environments, and bedtime hygiene simultaneously.

ISSN: 1471-244X