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Table 7 Additional comparisons and expanded logistic regressions for lifetime suicidal ideation in ARMHS sample (n = 634)

From: Determinants of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: parallel cross-sectional analyses examining geographical location

Characteristic (predictor or exposure variable)

Statistic or category

Profiles for discrete ARMHS sub-groups

Prediction of lifetime suicidal ideation#

No lifetime suicidal ideation (n = 480)

Lifetime suicidal ideation

Overall univariate analysis p-value

AOR (99% CI)

p-value

Not recent (n = 116)

Present during last 12-months (n = 38)

Demographics

       

Age in years

mean (SD, n)

57 (14, 480)

52 (13, 116)

48 (15, 38)

<0.001

0.98 (0.96, 1.0)

0.001

Gender

Female

283 (59%)

79 (68%)

22 (58%)

0.183

1.18 (0.68, 2.0)

0.445

Marital status

Yes

330 (69%)

54 (47%)

17 (45%)

<0.001

0.51 (0.30, 0.87)

0.001

Education

University or higher degree

98 (20%)

24 (21%)

9 (24%)

0.892

0.90 (0.47, 1.7)

0.671

Current functioning

       

Current psychological distress (K10)

mean (SD, n)

18 (6.3, 480)

21 (6.4, 116)

27 (7.8, 38)

<0.001

1.07 (1.03, 1.1)

<0.001

Wellbeing index

mean (SD, n)

-.32 (0.82, 480)

-.70 (0.93, 115)

−1.3 (0.85, 38)

<0.001

0.88 (0.54, 1.4)

0.485

Alcohol Use (AUDIT)

mean (SD, n)

3.7 (3.9, 480)

3.8 (4.9, 116)

6.3 (6.9, 38)

0.004

1.0 (0.97, 1.1)

0.226

Adverse life events

mean (SD, n)

1.7 (1.6, 480)

2.2 (1.9, 116)

3.1 (2.1, 38)

<0.001

1.1 (0.94, 1.3)

0.138

Social support

       

Community & personal support

mean (SD, n)

−0.2 (0.8, 467)

−0.4 (0.8, 115)

−1.0 (0.9, 37)

<0.001

0.88 (0.60, 1.3)

0.355

Personality

       

Optimism (HOPES-12)

mean (SD, n)

2.8 (0.6, 121)

2.3 (0.8, 28)

2.1 (0.7, 10)

<0.001

0.21 (0.06, 0.68)

<0.001

Neuroticism

mean (SD, n)

2.6 (2.0, 468)

3.3 (2.2, 115)

4.2 (2.3, 36)

<0.001

1.0 (0.89, 1.2)

0.563

Socioeconomic factors

       

SEIFA (IRSAD)

mean (SD)

939.03 (38.70)

943.22 (39.81)

946.76 (36.21)

0.329

1.0 (1.00, 1.0)

0.168

Financial adversity

Low

298 (75%)

52 (54%)

14 (45%)

<0.001

  

Moderate

76 (19%)

31 (32%)

11 (35%)

 

1.8 (0.91, 3.4)

0.028

High

26 (6.5%)

13 (14%)

6 (19%)

 

1.3 (0.50, 3.6)

0.432

Physical illness

       

Smoker

Yes

63 (16%)

24 (25%)

10 (30%)

0.021

1.1 (0.54, 2.2)

0.748

No. of chronic illnesses

0

254 (53%)

80 (69%)

23 (61%)

0.037

  

1

169 (35%)

11 (29%)

28 (24%)

 

0.67 (0.36, 1.3)

0.105

2+

57 (12%)

4 (11%)

8 (6.9%)

 

0.59 (0.22, 1.6)

0.176

Serious injury past 12 months

Yes

61 (13%)

7 (18%)

25 (22%)

0.043

1.5 (0.74, 3.0)

0.148

Service need and utilization

       

Perceived need for services

mean (SD, n)

3.0 (3.0, 480)

4.9 (3.5, 116)

7.7 (3.2, 38)

<0.001

1.14 (1.01, 1.3)

0.006

Service use for mental health problem

Yes

93 (19%)

46 (40%)

21 (55%)

<0.001

2.12 (1.21, 3.7)

<0.001

Rural factors

       

Live on farm

Yes

116 (25%)

23 (20%)

8 (21%)

0.576

0.89 (0.47, 1.7)

0.639

Proportion of life in a rural area

mean (SD, n)

0.70 (0.31, 475)

0.67 (0.30, 113)

0.73 (0.31, 38)

0.573

0.84 (0.36, 1.9)

0.601

Remoteness category

Inner regional

185 (39%)

44 (38%)

22 (58%)

0.029

.

 

Outer regional

175 (36%)

53 (46%)

10 (26%)

 

1.09 (0.61, 1.9)

0.698

Remote/ Very Remote

120 (25%)

19 (16%)

6 (16%)

 

0.63 (0.30, 1.3)

0.11

Infrastructure and services accessibility

mean (SD, n)

4.00 (3.15, 480)

3.30 (2.55, 116)

3.03 (2.31, 38)

0.021

0.91 (0.82, 1.0)

0.007

Lifetime psychiatric morbidity

       

Affective disorder

Yes

65 (14%)

53 (46%)

30 (79%)

<0.001

3.7 (2.0, 6.7)

<0.001

Anxiety disorder

Yes

166 (35%)

69 (59%)

30 (79%)

<0.001

2.2 (1.3, 3.8)

<0.001

Substance use disorder

Yes

94 (20%)

44 (38%)

18 (47%)

<0.001

2.3 (1.3, 4.1)

<0.001

  1. ARMHS: Australian Rural Mental Health Study; SD: Standard deviation; K10: Kessler-10 measure of psychological distress; AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test; HOPES-12: Hunter Opinions and Personal Expectations Scale; SEIFA (IRSAD) Index of Relative Socio-Economic Advantage and Disadvantage; ASGC: Australian Standard Geographic Classification; AOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio.
  2. #See the right-hand columns of Table 5 for the percentages of each predictor variable sub-category reporting lifetime suicidal ideation; the predictors were included in separate logistic regressions, controlling for age, gender, K10 psychological distress score, marital status and professional mental health service use (as appropriate); bolded p-values are statistically significant (against Bonferroni-adjusted thresholds).
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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