Demographics
| | | | | | | |
Age in years
|
mean (SD, n)
|
57 (14, 480)
|
52 (13, 116)
|
48 (15, 38)
|
<0.001
|
0.98 (0.96, 1.0)
|
0.001
|
Gender
|
Female
|
283 (59%)
|
79 (68%)
|
22 (58%)
|
0.183
|
1.18 (0.68, 2.0)
|
0.445
|
Marital status
|
Yes
|
330 (69%)
|
54 (47%)
|
17 (45%)
|
<0.001
|
0.51 (0.30, 0.87)
|
0.001
|
Education
|
University or higher degree
|
98 (20%)
|
24 (21%)
|
9 (24%)
|
0.892
|
0.90 (0.47, 1.7)
|
0.671
|
Current functioning
| | | | | | | |
Current psychological distress (K10)
|
mean (SD, n)
|
18 (6.3, 480)
|
21 (6.4, 116)
|
27 (7.8, 38)
|
<0.001
|
1.07 (1.03, 1.1)
|
<0.001
|
Wellbeing index
|
mean (SD, n)
|
-.32 (0.82, 480)
|
-.70 (0.93, 115)
|
−1.3 (0.85, 38)
|
<0.001
|
0.88 (0.54, 1.4)
|
0.485
|
Alcohol Use (AUDIT)
|
mean (SD, n)
|
3.7 (3.9, 480)
|
3.8 (4.9, 116)
|
6.3 (6.9, 38)
|
0.004
|
1.0 (0.97, 1.1)
|
0.226
|
Adverse life events
|
mean (SD, n)
|
1.7 (1.6, 480)
|
2.2 (1.9, 116)
|
3.1 (2.1, 38)
|
<0.001
|
1.1 (0.94, 1.3)
|
0.138
|
Social support
| | | | | | | |
Community & personal support
|
mean (SD, n)
|
−0.2 (0.8, 467)
|
−0.4 (0.8, 115)
|
−1.0 (0.9, 37)
|
<0.001
|
0.88 (0.60, 1.3)
|
0.355
|
Personality
| | | | | | | |
Optimism (HOPES-12)
|
mean (SD, n)
|
2.8 (0.6, 121)
|
2.3 (0.8, 28)
|
2.1 (0.7, 10)
|
<0.001
|
0.21 (0.06, 0.68)
|
<0.001
|
Neuroticism
|
mean (SD, n)
|
2.6 (2.0, 468)
|
3.3 (2.2, 115)
|
4.2 (2.3, 36)
|
<0.001
|
1.0 (0.89, 1.2)
|
0.563
|
Socioeconomic factors
| | | | | | | |
SEIFA (IRSAD)
|
mean (SD)
|
939.03 (38.70)
|
943.22 (39.81)
|
946.76 (36.21)
|
0.329
|
1.0 (1.00, 1.0)
|
0.168
|
Financial adversity
|
Low
|
298 (75%)
|
52 (54%)
|
14 (45%)
|
<0.001
| | |
Moderate
|
76 (19%)
|
31 (32%)
|
11 (35%)
| |
1.8 (0.91, 3.4)
|
0.028
|
High
|
26 (6.5%)
|
13 (14%)
|
6 (19%)
| |
1.3 (0.50, 3.6)
|
0.432
|
Physical illness
| | | | | | | |
Smoker
|
Yes
|
63 (16%)
|
24 (25%)
|
10 (30%)
|
0.021
|
1.1 (0.54, 2.2)
|
0.748
|
No. of chronic illnesses
|
0
|
254 (53%)
|
80 (69%)
|
23 (61%)
|
0.037
| | |
1
|
169 (35%)
|
11 (29%)
|
28 (24%)
| |
0.67 (0.36, 1.3)
|
0.105
|
2+
|
57 (12%)
|
4 (11%)
|
8 (6.9%)
| |
0.59 (0.22, 1.6)
|
0.176
|
Serious injury past 12 months
|
Yes
|
61 (13%)
|
7 (18%)
|
25 (22%)
|
0.043
|
1.5 (0.74, 3.0)
|
0.148
|
Service need and utilization
| | | | | | | |
Perceived need for services
|
mean (SD, n)
|
3.0 (3.0, 480)
|
4.9 (3.5, 116)
|
7.7 (3.2, 38)
|
<0.001
|
1.14 (1.01, 1.3)
|
0.006
|
Service use for mental health problem
|
Yes
|
93 (19%)
|
46 (40%)
|
21 (55%)
|
<0.001
|
2.12 (1.21, 3.7)
|
<0.001
|
Rural factors
| | | | | | | |
Live on farm
|
Yes
|
116 (25%)
|
23 (20%)
|
8 (21%)
|
0.576
|
0.89 (0.47, 1.7)
|
0.639
|
Proportion of life in a rural area
|
mean (SD, n)
|
0.70 (0.31, 475)
|
0.67 (0.30, 113)
|
0.73 (0.31, 38)
|
0.573
|
0.84 (0.36, 1.9)
|
0.601
|
Remoteness category
|
Inner regional
|
185 (39%)
|
44 (38%)
|
22 (58%)
|
0.029
|
.
| |
Outer regional
|
175 (36%)
|
53 (46%)
|
10 (26%)
| |
1.09 (0.61, 1.9)
|
0.698
|
Remote/ Very Remote
|
120 (25%)
|
19 (16%)
|
6 (16%)
| |
0.63 (0.30, 1.3)
|
0.11
|
Infrastructure and services accessibility
|
mean (SD, n)
|
4.00 (3.15, 480)
|
3.30 (2.55, 116)
|
3.03 (2.31, 38)
|
0.021
|
0.91 (0.82, 1.0)
|
0.007
|
Lifetime psychiatric morbidity
| | | | | | | |
Affective disorder
|
Yes
|
65 (14%)
|
53 (46%)
|
30 (79%)
|
<0.001
|
3.7 (2.0, 6.7)
|
<0.001
|
Anxiety disorder
|
Yes
|
166 (35%)
|
69 (59%)
|
30 (79%)
|
<0.001
|
2.2 (1.3, 3.8)
|
<0.001
|
Substance use disorder
|
Yes
|
94 (20%)
|
44 (38%)
|
18 (47%)
|
<0.001
|
2.3 (1.3, 4.1)
|
<0.001
|