BMC Psychiatry

Table 3 Estimating provider-level variance in GAF scores at admission (N = 1852)

From: Multilevel analysis of the determinants of the global assessment of functioning in an inpatient population

	Model: χ² = 222.74, df = 7, p < .001
Parameter	est	se	z	p
Intercept	40.25	1.97	20.45	<.001
Male gender	0.45	0.54	0.83	.404
Age	0.03	0.02	1.24	.215
Diagnosis
Schizophrenia	---	---	---
Dementia	−2.71	1.21	−2.23	.026
Mood	3.72	0.70	5.28	<.001
Other	5.30	0.80	6.65	<.001
ADL	−0.45	0.09	−5.23	<.001
IADL	−0.25	0.04	−6.82	<.001
Variance:
Unit-level	30.25	14.31
Physician-level	10.39	3.79
Individual-level	100.48	3.35
ρ(physician)*	0.07
ρ(physician, unit)^†	0.29

*Intraclass correlation within physicians: physician-level variance/total variance.
^†Intraclass correlation within units and physicians: (unit-level variance + physician-level variance)/total variance.

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