Table 2 Socio-demographic variables (A), substance abuse variables (B) treatment variables (C) at baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2) between abstainers and relapsers.

Sex, female, T1, %

29

30

0.97

Age, mean years (SD), T1

41.2 (11.8)

37.7 (10.6)

0.06

Employment, %

T1

38

32

0.48

T2

35

26

0.22

Marital status, married or cohabiting, %

T1

51

33

0.04

T2

54

31

0.01

B. Substance abuse variables

Abstainers N = 48

Relapsers N = 112

p-value

Poly-substance abusers, T1, %

46

46

0.94

Onset of SUD, < 18 years, T1 %

31

52

0.01

Duration of SUD, ≥ 15 years, T1 %

50

59

0.29

Mean number of lifetime SUD diagnoses (abuse and dependence), T1

2.2 (1.6)

2.6 (2.1)

0.25

C. Treatment variables

Abstainers N = 48

Relapsers N = 112

p-value

In-patients facilities, T1, %

52

56

0.63

Out-patient facilities, T1,%

48

44

Treatment in the substance abuse field, prior to T1, %

60

72

0.14

Treatment in the mental health care system, prior to T1, %

36

39

0.75

Treatment in the substance abuse field, between T1 and T2, %

54

75

0.01

Treatment in the mental health care system, between T1 and T2, %

40

55

0.06