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Table 1 Patient demographics, diagnosis and characteristics by treatment cohort

From: Use of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines in patients with psychiatric emergencies: Results of an observational trial

Parameter [statistic]

All patients

Olanzapine vs. non-olanzapine

Risperidone vs. non-risperidone

Haloperidol vs. non-haloperidol

  

OLZ

Non-OLZ

 

RIS

Non-RIS

 

HAL

Non-HAL

 
 

(N = 558)

(N = 390)

(N = 168)

p-value

(N = 72)

(N = 486)

p-value

(N = 132)

(N = 426)

p-value

Patient demographics

          

   Gender (male), n (%)

353

(63.3)

237

(60.8)

116

(69.0)

0.068

46

(63.9)

307

(63.2)

0.923

93

(70.5)

260

(61.0)

0.053

   Age, median (range), y

38

(18–93)

37

(18–93)

39

(19–84)

0.068

40

(19–87)

38

(18–93)

0.081

39

(18–93)

38

(18–90)

0.223

Primary psychiatric diagnosis a

(ranked according to overall frequency)b

          

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders

(F20–F29), n (%)

330

(59.1)

215

(55.1)

115

(68.5)

0.003

50

(69.4)

280

(57.6)

0.057

92

(69.7)

238

(55.9)

0.005

Disorders due to substance use

(F10–F19), n (%)

98

(17.6)

69

(17.7)

29

(17.3)

0.902

7

(9.7)

91

(18.7)

0.061

23

(17.4)

75

(17.6)

0.962

Mood (affective) disorders

(F30–F39), n (%)

88

(15.8)

80

(20.5)

8

(4.8)

< .001

4

(5.6)

84

(17.3)

0.011

15

(11.4)

73

(17.1)

0.112

Disorders of adult personality and behaviour

(F60–F69), n (%)

84

(15.1)

67

(17.2)

17

(10.1)

0.032

10

(13.9)

74

(15.2)

0.767

4

(3.0)

80

(18.8)

< .001

Organic, including symptomatic mental disorders

(F00–F09), n (%)

69

(12.4)

39

(10.0)

30

(17.9)

0.010

14

(19.4)

55

(11.3)

0.051

19

(14.4)

50

(11.7)

0.418

   Otherc, N (%)

57

(10.2)

43

(11.0)

14

(8.3)

0.335

8

(11.1)

49

(10.1)

0.788

5

(3.8)

52

(12.2)

0.005

Co-morbid substance use disorder (SUD) at baseline b

          

   Nicotine, n (%)

241

(43.2)

172

(44.1)

69

(41.1)

0.507

28

(38.9)

213

(43.8)

0.430

50

(37.9)

191

(44.8)

0.159

   Alcohol, n (%)

103

(18.5)

68

(17.4)

35

(20.8)

0.343

11

(15.3)

92

(18.9)

0.456

25

(18.9)

78

(18.3)

0.871

   Illicit drugs, n (%)

83

(14.9)

59

(15.1)

24

(14.3)

0.798

9

(12.5)

74

(15.2)

0.544

24

(18.2)

59

(13.8)

0.222

Type of behavioural emergency at baseline b

          

   Self-endangering, n (%)

264

(47.3)

186

(47.7)

78

(46.4)

0.784

28

(38.9)

236

(48.6)

0.125

68

(51.5)

196

(46.0)

0.268

   Third party endangering, n (%)

393

(70.4)

266

(68.2)

127

(75.6)

0.079

57

(79.2)

336

(69.1)

0.082

108

(81.8)

285

(66.9)

0.001

   Agitation, n (%)

408

(73.1)

294

(75.4)

114

(67.9)

0.066

53

(73.6)

355

(73.0)

0.919

98

(74.2)

310

(72.8)

0.739

Type of admission

          

   Compulsory admission, n (%)

238

(42.7)

159

(40.8)

79

(47.0)

0.171

32

(44.4)

206

(42.4)

0.742

78

(59.1)

160

(37.6)

< .001

Premature discontinuation, n (%)

16

(2.9)

9

(2.3)

7

(4.2)

0.223

3

(4.2)

13

(2.7)

0.465

6

(4.5)

10

(2.3)

0.188

  1. a ICD-10 diagnostic groups are listed according to the frequency among all patients.
  2. b Patients may have received more than one ICD-10 diagnosis or more than one behavioural disturbance.
  3. c Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (F90–F98); behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors (F50–F59); neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40–F48); and mental retardation (F70–F79)
  4. Abbreviations: OLZ = olanzapine, RIS = risperidone, HAL = haloperidol.
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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