Early trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy to prevent chronic post-traumatic stress disorder and related symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Characteristics of included studies (continued)

First author, publication year and country	Treatment duration and provider competence	Outcome measures	Post-treatment follow-up	ITT analysis
Bryant 1998 Australia [11]	5 × 90 minutes Clinical psychologists	CIDI (PTSD diagnosis) IES (intrusion/avoidance) BDI (depression) STAI (state/trait anxiety)	6 months (post trauma)	Yes
Bryant 1999 Australia [12]	5 × 90 minutes Clinical psychologists	CAPS-2 (PTSD diagnosis) IES (intrusion/avoidance) BDI (depression) STAI (state/trait anxiety)	6 months	No (completers only)
Bryant 2003a Australia [18]	5 × 90 minutes Clinical psychologists	CAPS-2 (PTSD diagnosis) IES (intrusion/avoidance) BAI (anxiety) BDI (depression)	6 months	Yes
Bryant 2003b Australia [14]		CAPS (PTSD diagnosis)	4 years	Yes (LOCF)
Bryant 2005, Bryant 2006 Australia [13, 15]	5 × 90 minutes Clinical psychologists	CAPS-2 (PTSD diagnosis/symptoms) IES (intrusion/avoidance) BAI (anxiety) BDI (depression)	6 months 3 years	Yes (LOCF)
Foa 2006 USA [17]	4 × 120 minutes Master's and doctoral level therapists	PSS-I/PSS-SR (PTSD diagnosis/severity) BAI (anxiety) BDI (depression)	2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months	Completers only

ASD, acute stress disorder (DSM-IV); PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder (DSM-IV, not duration criterion); MVA, motor vehicle accident; TFCBT, trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy; CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; IES, Impact of Event Scale; BDI, Beck's Depression Inventory; STAI, State/Trait Anxiety Inventory; CAPS-2, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; BAI, Beck's Anxiety Inventory; PSS-I/-SR, PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview/-Self-Report; ITT, intention to treat; LOCF, last observation carried forward.

ISSN: 1471-244X