|  | Absence of PPD n (%) | Presence of PPD n (%) | p* |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | Â | 130 (87.2%) | 19 (12.8%) | Â |
Mean Age | Â | 31.7 | 32.6 | 0.477 |
Region of Residency | Beirut | 40 (30.8%) | 4 (21.0%) | 0.653 |
 | South | 6 (4.6%) | 1 (5.3%) |  |
 | Mount-Lebanon | 75 (57.7%) | 12 (63.1%) |  |
 | North | 3 (2.3%) | 1 (5.3%) |  |
 | Bekaa | 4 (3.1%) | 1 (5.3%) |  |
 | Nabatiyeh | 2 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) |  |
Lebanese | Yes | 128 (98.5%) | 19 (100%) | 1.000 |
 | No | 2 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) |  |
Education | Elementary | 0 (0%) | 1 (5.3%) | 0.075 |
 | Intermediate | 10 (7.7%) | 0 (0%) |  |
 | Secondary | 7 (5.4%) | 3 (15.8%) |  |
 | University | 90 (69.2%) | 11 (57.9%) |  |
 | Postuniversity | 19 (14.6%) | 4 (21%) |  |
 | Other | 4 (3.1%) | 0 (0%) |  |
Occupation | Unemployed | 32 (25%) | 5 (26.3%) | 0.470 |
 | Employee | 64 (50%) | 8 (42.1%) |  |
 | Executive | 12 (9.4%) | 4 (21.1%) |  |
 | Liberal profession | 20 (15.6%) | 2 (10.5%) |  |
Family Support | Absent | 7 (5.4%) | 4 (21.1%) | 0.060 |
 | Present | 123 (94.6%) | 15 (78.9%) |  |
Personnal History of Depression | Yes | 9 (7%) | 4 (21.1%) | 0.066 |
 | No | 120 (93%) | 15 (78.9%) |  |
Family History of Depression | Yes | 9 (7%) | 7 (36.8%) | 0.001 |
 | No | 120 (93%) | 12 (63.2%) |  |
Perception of Pregnancy | Easy | 54 (41.9%) | 4 (21.1%) | 0.130 |
 | Average | 44 (34.1%) | 7 (36.8%) |  |
 | Difficult | 31 (24%) | 8 (42.1%) |  |
Perception of Delivery | Easy | 44 (34.4%) | 4 (22.2%) | 0.544 |
 | Average | 41 (32%) | 6 (33.4%) |  |
 | Difficult | 43 (33.6%) | 8 (44.4%) |  |
Newborn’s gender | Male | 63 (48.5%) | 12 (63.2%) | 0.326 |
 | Female | 67 (51.5%) | 7 (36.8%) |  |
Pregnancy Term | <36 WG | 10 (7.8%) | 3 (15.8%) | 0.473 |
 | 36-40 WG | 109 (84.4%) | 15 (78.9%) |  |
 | >40 WG | 10 (7.8%) | 1 (5.3%) |  |
Delivery route | Vaginal | 27 (20.8%) | 3 (15.8%) | 0.553 |
 | Vaccum | 30 (23.1%) | 2 (10.5%) |  |
 | Forceps | 2 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) |  |
 | Vaccum + Forceps | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) |  |
 | C-section | 70 (53.8%) | 14 (73.7%) |  |
Birth order | Primiparous | 50 (38.5%) | 5 (26.3%) | 0.446 |
 | Multiparous | 80 (61.5%) | 14 (73.7%) |  |
Twin Pregnancy | Yes | 6 (4.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
 | No | 124 (95.4%) | 19 (100%) |  |
Chronic medical problem for the mother | Yes | 54 (41.5%) | 15 (78.9%) | 0.003 |
 | No | 76 (58.5%) | 4 (21.1%) |  |
Transfer of the mother to ICU | Yes | 1 (0.8%) | 2 (10.5%) | 0.043 |
 | No | 129 (99.2%) | 17 (89.5%) |  |
Newborn at birth | Dead | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
 | Alive | 129 (99.2%) | 19 (100%) |  |
Foetal medical problem | Yes | 15 (11.5%) | 3 (15.8%) | 0.704 |
 | No | 115 (88.5%) | 16 (84.2%) |  |
Newborn transfer to ICU | Yes | 15 (11.6%) | 5 (26.3%) | 0.050 |
 | No | 114 (88.4%) | 14 (73.7%) |  |
Breastfeeding | No (baby dead) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.272 |
 | Breastfeeding + 1–2 cups during hospital stay | 21 (16.2%) | 1 (5.3%) |  |
 | No breastfeeding | 6 (4.6%) | 3 (15.8%) |  |
 | Breastfeeding + >2 cups/day | 22 (16.9%) | 2 (10.5%) |  |
 | Exclusive | 80 (61.5%) | 13 (68.4%) |  |