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Table 2 Bivariate analysis of demographics, psychological variables and resilience

From: Resilience to trauma in the two largest cities of Brazil: a cross-sectional study

Independent variables

Resilient

χ 2(df)

p-value

n (%)

 

Gender

   

Female

641 (35.6)

74.4 (1)

< 0.001

Male

727 (50.7)

  

Ethnic group a

   

White

608 (42.6)

  

Black

208 (41.6)

  

Mixed-Race

500 (42.5)

5.9 (5)

0.32

Asian

31 (42.5)

  

Indigenous

8 (23.5)

  

Other

9 (52.9)

  

Parental mental disorders

   

(mother and/or father)

   

No

1300 (43.2)

17.3 (1)

< 0.001

Yes

65 (29.0)

  

Childhood traumatic event

   

None

971 (47.9)

  

Trauma not physical or sexual

335 (36.3)

99.5 (3)

< 0.001

Physical abuse

53 (25.5)

  

Sexual abuse

6 (8.1)

  

Age group (years)

   

15-24

258 (45.3)

  

25-34

315 (37.5)

  

35-44

268 (40.6)

26.3(5)

< 0.001

45-54

226 (41.9)

  

55-64

162 (43.3)

  

65-75

136 (54.6)

  

Education (years)

   

Illiterate

38 (45.2)

  

1-4

208 (39.9)

  

5-8

325 (38.5)

11.2(4)

0.03

9-12

562 (43.7)

  

13 or more

232 (46.6)

  

Marital status

   

Single

404 (44.9)

  

Married

780 (42.6)

14.3 (3)

0.003

Widowed

72 (41.9)

  

Divorced

109 (33.0)

  

Working

   

No

535 (42.8)

0.29(1)

0.59

Yes

830 (41.9)

  

Migration

   

No

762 (43.3)

1.8 (1)

0.18

Yes

603 (41.0)

  

Religion

   

Catholic

834 (44.5)

  

Spiritism

75 (39.9)

  

Evangelical

318 (39.7)

10.7 (5)

0.06

Other

24 (36.9)

  

Spirituality without religion

84 (36.4)

  

Atheist

22 (41.5)

  

Family income (minimum wage)

   

Less than 2

397 (37.5)

  

2 - 3.9

409 (44.9)

11.5 (2)

0.003

4 or more

383 (42.2)

  
  1. aIndigenous versus other: χ2 = 4.9, df = 1, p = 0.03.