Table 4 Potential factors associated with PTSD in northern Uganda (The Wayo-Nero Study)
Factor | PTSD (n, %) | OR (95Â % CI) | p-value | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
War physical trauma no. of events | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No event | 55 (4.8) | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
1 - 2 Events | 88 (11.4) | 2.63 (1.89, 3.66) | <0.001 | 1.34 (0.95, 1.88) | 0.096 |
3+ Events | 136 (30.8) | 8.68 (6, 12.56) | <0.001 | 3.42 (2.16, 5.42) | <0.001 |
War sexual trauma no. of events | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No event | 224 (10.3) | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
1 - 2 Events | 27 (24.8) | 2.6 (1.63, 4.15) | <0.001 | 1.23 (0.73, 2.07) | 0.439 |
3+ Events | 28 (38.9) | 5.65 (3.33, 9.61) | <0.001 | 2.02 (1.08, 3.76) | 0.027 |
War psychological trauma no. of events | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No event | 18 (3.7) | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
1 - 2 Events | 39 (5.1) | 1.58 (0.76, 3.3) | 0.221 | 1.37 (0.65, 2.89) | 0.401 |
3+ Events | 222 (20.1) | 6.91 (3.44, 13.87) | <0.001 | 2.94 (1.53, 5.63) | 0.001 |
Number of negative life events | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1-5 | 44 (5.8) | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
6-10 | 75 (10.7) | 1.96 (1.2, 3.2) | 0.008 | 1.31 (0.87, 1.97) | 0.194 |
11+ | 161 (17.8) | 3.53 (2.45, 5.09) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.05, 2.03) | 0.026 |
Childhood trauma | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Low | 45 (6.5) | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Medium | 74 (8.6) | 1.27 (0.86, 1.89) | 0.233 | 1.21 (0.83, 1.77) | 0.326 |
High | 161 (19.8) | 3.4 (2.29, 5.06) | <0.001 | 2.28 (1.49, 3.48) | <0.001 |
Negative Coping Style index | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Low | 116 (24.8) | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Medium | 79 (11.4) | 0.4 (0.27, 0.59) | <0.001 | 0.50 (0.3, 0.81) | 0.006 |
High | 85 (7.1) | 0.24 (0.18, 0.33) | <0.001 | 0.33 (0.22, 0.49) | <0.001 |
Social support | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 181 (15.6) | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 99 (8.3) | 0.52 (0.39, 0.69) | <0.001 | Â | Â |
Family history | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 197 (11.1) | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 79 (14.3) | 1.34 (0.91, 1.98) | 0.134 | Â | Â |
HIV status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Negative | 243 (11.7) | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â |
Positive | 34 (21.6) | 2.09 (1.48, 2.95) | <0.001 | Â | Â |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Female | 161 (10.9) | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Male | 119 (13.4) | 1.32 (1.11, 1.58) | 0.002 | 1.09 (0.85, 1.39) | 0.506 |
Age group | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
18 – 24 | 50 (9) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
25 – 34 | 84 (13) | 1.48 (1.06, 2.06) | 0.020 | 0.96 (0.64, 1.43) | 0.825 |
35 – 44 | 63 (12.9) | 1.51 (1.09, 2.1) | 0.014 | 0.81 (0.52, 1.26) | 0.345 |
45 – 54 | 83 (12.4) | 1.46 (1.1, 1.95) | 0.009 | 0.78 (0.52, 1.16) | 0.217 |
Food security | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 72 (7.4) | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
No | 204 (15.8) | 2.38 (1.85, 3.05) | <0.001 | 1.74 (1.33, 2.28) | <0.001 |