From: Depression symptom and professional mental health service use
Characteristics | Â | Young adults | Â | Â | Middle aged | Â | Â | Elderly | Â | Â |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | (19–44 years) | (45–64 years) | (≥65 years) | ||||||
 |  | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |||
Socioeconomic factors | Â | Â | ||||||||
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | Primary or less | 0.39 | 0.18 | 0.84 | 0.73 | 0.51 | 1.06 | 0.70 | 0.54 | 0.90 |
 | Middle school | 1.10 | 0.50 | 2.41 | 1.14 | 0.85 | 1.51 | 0.86 | 0.62 | 1.18 |
 | High school | 1.09 | 0.86 | 1.37 | 0.87 | 0.66 | 1.15 | 1.22 | 0.96 | 1.54 |
 | College or more | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | Married | 0.78 | 0.63 | 0.96 | 0.48 | 0.30 | 0.75 | 0.62 | 0.41 | 0.93 |
 | Separated/divorced | 0.87 | 0.50 | 1.53 | 0.56 | 0.35 | 0.89 | 0.57 | 0.37 | 0.89 |
 | Unmarried | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Income | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | Quartile1 | 1.14 | 0.80 | 1.63 | 0.69 | 0.50 | 0.96 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0.45 |
 | Quartile2 | 0.95 | 0.67 | 1.33 | 0.84 | 0.62 | 1.15 | 0.43 | 0.34 | 0.54 |
 | Quartile3 | 1.23 | 0.99 | 1.52 | 0.95 | 0.72 | 1.24 | 0.80 | 0.62 | 1.03 |
 | Quartile4 | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Residence | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | Metropolitan | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 | Urban | 0.99 | 0.80 | 1.22 | 1.40 | 1.14 | 1.72 | 1.56 | 1.29 | 1.89 |
 | Rural | 0.79 | 0.61 | 1.02 | 0.97 | 0.77 | 1.22 | 1.75 | 1.44 | 2.11 |
Employment status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | Unemployed | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 | Employed | 0.62 | 0.48 | 0.79 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.49 | 0.94 | 0.75 | 1.18 |
Health-behaviour factors | Â | Â | ||||||||
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | Current smoker | 0.80 | 0.63 | 1.01 | 1.05 | 0.80 | 1.38 | 0.54 | 0.41 | 0.70 |
 | Former smoker | 1.32 | 0.96 | 1.81 | 1.08 | 0.82 | 1.42 | 1.09 | 0.86 | 1.38 |
 | Non-smoker | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Drinking status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | Drinker | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.56 | 0.83 | 0.60 | 1.13 | 0.65 | 0.52 | 0.80 |
 | Non-drinker | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Physical activity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | Yes | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 | No | 1.02 | 0.78 | 1.34 | 0.82 | 0.63 | 1.06 | 0.65 | 0.52 | 0.77 |
Sleep hours per day | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | <6 | 1.27 | 1.02 | 1.58 | 1.31 | 1.07 | 1.60 | 1.43 | 1.18 | 1.72 |
 | ≤6–9 | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 | ≥9 | 1.51 | 1.05 | 2.17 | 1.37 | 1.01 | 1.86 | 1.83 | 1.42 | 2.35 |
Health-condition factors | Â | Â | ||||||||
Subjective health status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | Good | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 | Moderate | 0.96 | 0.75 | 1.23 | 1.26 | 0.94 | 1.68 | 1.58 | 0.85 | 2.96 |
 | Poor | 1.60 | 1.18 | 2.16 | 2.04 | 1.49 | 2.78 | 3.41 | 1.79 | 6.49 |
Perceived stress susceptibility | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | Very high | 5.05 | 3.48 | 7.32 | 1.87 | 1.30 | 2.67 | 3.05 | 2.00 | 4.64 |
 | High | 3.59 | 2.54 | 5.09 | 1.07 | 0.75 | 1.52 | 2.27 | 1.50 | 3.45 |
 | Low | 1.65 | 1.14 | 2.38 | 0.64 | 0.43 | 0.96 | 1.17 | 0.74 | 1.85 |
 | Very low | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Unmet healthcare needs | Â | Â | ||||||||
 | Yes | 0.78 | 0.61 | 1.00 | 0.73 | 0.58 | 0.92 | 0.84 | 0.68 | 1.04 |
 | No | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Medical history | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | Hypertension | 1.46 | 1.05 | 2.04 | 1.03 | 0.84 | 1.27 | 1.06 | 0.89 | 1.25 |
 | Diabetes mellitus | 0.58 | 0.32 | 1.05 | 0.62 | 0.47 | 0.82 | 0.88 | 0.74 | 1.06 |
 | Hyperlipidaemia | 1.57 | 1.16 | 2.13 | 1.94 | 1.55 | 2.42 | 1.21 | 0.99 | 1.48 |
 | CVDa | 3.19 | 1.91 | 5.33 | 0.91 | 0.71 | 1.17 | 0.84 | 0.69 | 1.03 |
 | Arthritis | 1.38 | 0.90 | 2.11 | 0.93 | 0.64 | 1.36 | 1.46 | 1.23 | 1.72 |
 | Asthma | 1.09 | 0.79 | 1.51 | 0.65 | 0.47 | 0.91 | 2.94 | 2.46 | 3.53 |