Table 4 Online self-report instruments for stress, worrying, suicidal ideation and self-harm, and the number of studies that report psychometric characteristics (between parentheses)
Instrument | Purpose | N studies | Population/setting | Countries in which the studies were conducted | Internal consistency (alpha) | Test-retest reliability | Factor structure | Mean score difference with paper version | Convergent validity | Criterion validity (AUC) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stress | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
PSS | Symptom severity | 1 | G5 | ES | .72 (1) | Â | 1 factor (1) | None/lower (1) | (1) | Â |
Worry | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
PSWQ | Symptom severity | 2 | G1, G5 | NL, US | .73–.88 (2) | (1) | 1 factor (1) |  | (1) |  |
Worry (postpartum) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
PWS-R | Symptom severity | 1 | G2 | US | .64–.88 (1) |  | 4 factors (1) |  | (1) |  |
Self-harm | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
ISAS | Symptom severity | 1 | G6 | US + UK + CA + AU | .77–.87 (1) |  | 2 factors (1) |  |  | (1) |
Suicidal ideation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
BDI-II item 9 | Screening | 1 | G1 | SE | Â | Â | Â | Lower (1) | Â | Â |
MADRS-S item 9 | Screening | 1 | G1 | SE | Â | Â | Â | None (1) | Â | Â |