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Table 1 Frequency characteristics of the sample in the current study

From: Low health literacy and psychological symptoms potentially increase the risks of non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese middle school students

Variable

Total Sample (n = 25378)

NSSI

x 2

φ/V

No (n = 18407)

Yes (n = 6971)

Gender

   

14.534 ***

-0.024 ***

 Male

12325 (48.6)

8804 (71.4)

3521 (28.6)

  

 Female

13053 (51.4)

9603 (73.6)

3450 (26.4)

  

Grade

   

4.565 *

−0.013 *

 Junior school

13179 (51.9)

9483 (72.0)

3696 (28.0)

  

 Senior high school

12199 (48.1)

8924 (73.2)

3275 (26.8)

  

Registered residence

   

5.836 *

−0.015 *

 Rural

11484 (45.3)

8244 (71.8)

3240 (28.2)

  

 Urban

13894 (54.7)

10163 (73.1)

3731 (26.9)

  

Household structure

   

4.151 *

0.013 *

 Only child

12514 (49.3)

9149 (73.1)

3365 (26.9)

  

 More than one child

12864 (50.7)

9258 (72.0)

3606 (28.0)

  

Father’s educational level a1

   

2.969

−0.011

  < High school degree

12781 (50.4)

9221 (72.1)

3560 (27.9)

  

  ≥ High school degree

11800 (46.5)

8629 (73.1)

3171 (26.9)

  

Mother’s educational level a2

  

7.413 **

−0.017 **

  < High school degree

14261 (56.2)

10261 (72.0)

4000 (28.0)

  

  ≥ High school degree

10466 (41.2)

7694 (73.5)

2772 (26.5)

  

Self-reported family economy

  

49.988 ***

0.044 ***

 Bad

3732 (14.7)

2530 (67.8)

1202 (32.2)

  

 General

17064 (67.2)

12538 (73.5)

4526 (26.5)

  

 Good

4582 (18.1)

3339 (72.9)

1243 (27.1)

  

HL

   

499.625 ***

0.140 ***

 High

6159 (24.3)

5091 (82.7)

1068 (17.3)

  

 Medium

12674 (49.9)

9045 (71.4)

3629 (28.6)

  

 Low

6545 (25.8)

4271 (65.3)

2274 (34.7)

  

Psychological symptoms

  

1923.561 ***

0.275 ***

 No

19813 (78.1)

15661 (79.0)

4152 (21.0)

  

 Yes

5565 (21.9)

2746 (49.3)

2819 (50.7)

  
  1. Statistical methods: Chi-square test, φ/V is effect sizes. HL is health literacy; NSSI is non-suicidal self- injury
  2. *** P < 0.001
  3. ** P < 0.01
  4. * P < 0.05
  5. a1 797 students have no father
  6. a2 651 students have no mother