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Table 4 Associations of psychological symptoms, HL, and NSSI among junior and high school students

From: Low health literacy and psychological symptoms potentially increase the risks of non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese middle school students

Variables

NSSI

n (%)

Crude OR (95 % CI)

Adjusted OR (95 % CI) a

Psychological symptoms

 No

4152 (21.0)

Ref.

Ref.

 Yes

2819 (50.7)

3.872 (3.637–4.123) ***

4.019 (3.769–4.285) ***

HL

 High

1068 (17.3)

Ref.

Ref.

 Medium

3629 (28.6)

1.913 (1.772–2.064) ***

1.939 (1.794–2.094) ***

 Low

2274 (34.7)

2.538 (2.335–2.758) ***

2.555 (2.345–2.785) ***

  1. HL is health literacy; NSSI is non-suicidal self- injury
  2. OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval
  3. *** P < 0.001 compared with referent
  4. a Adjusted for gender, grade, registered residence, household structure, parents’ educational level, and perceived family economical