Table 2 Sociodemographic characteristics of 72,435 adolescents with and without each mental health condition, the Ninth Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2013), N (%)a Urban area: small, medium, or big city
Variables | Had depression symptoms | P-value | Suicide ideation | P-value | Suicide planning | P-value | Suicide attempt | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | |||||
Sex | ||||||||||||
 Male | 27462 (56.6) | 9193 (42.7) | <0.001 | 31885 (54.5) | 4770 (41.3) | <0.001 | 34900 (52.8) | 1755 (43.6) | <0.001 | 35590 (53.0) | 1065 (35.8) | <0.001 |
 Female | 22543 (43.4) | 13237 (57.3) |  | 28480 (45.5) | 7300 (58.7) | 33367 (47.2) | 2413 (56.4) |  | 33824 (47.0) | 1956 (64.2) |  | |
Age | ||||||||||||
 12–14 years (Middle school) | 26012 (50.1) | 10518 (45.8) | <0.001 | 30186 (48.2) | 6344 (51.7) | <0.001 | 34099 (48.2) | 2431 (57.6) | <0.001 | 34680 (48.2) | 1850 (61.1) | <0.001 |
 15–17 years (High school) | 23993 (50.0) | 11912 (54.2) |  | 30179 (51.8) | 5726 (48.3) | 34168 (51.8) | 1737 (42.4) |  | 34734 (51.8) | 1171 (38.9) |  | |
Residencea | ||||||||||||
 Rural area | 6087 (6.8) | 2771 (7.1) | <0.001 | 7428 (6.9) | 1430 (6.8) | 0.796 | 8327 (6.9) | 531 (7.4) | 0.307 | 8500 (6.9) | 358 (6.9) | 0.990 |
 Urban area | 43918 (93.2) | 19659 (92.9) |  | 52937 (93.1) | 10640 (93.2) | 59940 (93.1) | 3637 (92.6) |  | 60914 (93.1) | 2663 (93.1) |  | |
Family affluenceb | ||||||||||||
 Low | 5720 (11.0) | 2821 (12.1) | <0.001 | 6983 (11.1) | 1558 (12.2) | 0.007 | 7975 (11.2) | 566 (13.0) | <0.001 | 8117 (11.2) | 424 (13.7) | <0.001 |
 Middle | 26116 (51.7) | 11651 (51.6) |  | 31594 (51.8) | 6173 (50.7) | 35719 (51.8) | 2048 (49.0) |  | 36328 (51.9) | 1439 (46.9) |  | |
 High | 18169 (37.3) | 7958 (36.3) |  | 21788 (37.0) | 4339 (37.1) | 24573 (37.0) | 1554 (37.9) |  | 24969 (36.9) | 1158 (39.4) |  | |
Father’s educational attainment | ||||||||||||
 <High school graduation | 1814 (3.2) | 9614 (45.1) | <0.001 | 2231 (3.3) | 520 (3.8) | 0.0018 | 2558 (3.3) | 193 (4.1) | <0.001 | 2621 (3.3) | 130 (3.9) | <0.001 |
 High school graduation | 16385 (31.6) | 7550 (32.5) |  | 20063 (32.1) | 3872 (31.0) |  | 22720 (32.1) | 1215 (28.2) |  | 23023 (32.0) | 912 (29.1) |  |
 >College graduation | 21748 (46.1) | 937 (3.7) |  | 26172 (45.9) | 5190 (45.4) |  | 29603 (45.9) | 1759 (44.4) |  | 30155 (46.0) | 1207 (42.6) |  |
 Missinge | 10058 (19.1) | 4329 (18.6) |  | 11899 (18.8) | 2488 (19.7) |  | 13386 (18.7) | 1001 (23.3) |  | 13615 (18.7) | 772 (24.5) |  |
Mother’s educational attainment | ||||||||||||
 <High school graduation | 1682 (3.0) | 7865 (36.8) | <0.001 | 2063 (3.0) | 507 (3.9) | <0.001 | 2400 (3.2) | 170 (3.9) | <0.001 | 2459 (3.2) | 111 (3.6) | <0.001 |
 High school graduation | 20612 (41.1) | 9518 (41.9) |  | 25238 (41.6) | 4892 (40.0) | 28573 (41.6) | 1557 (37.1) |  | 29013 (41.5) | 1117 (36.7) |  | |
 >College graduation | 17910 (37.7) | 888 (3.7) |  | 21515 (37.4) | 4260 (37.3) | 24304 (37.4) | 1471 (37.1) |  | 24765 (37.5) | 1010 (35.4) |  | |
 Missinge | 9801 (18.3) | 4159 (17.7) |  | 11549 (18.0) | 2411 (18.8) | 12990 (17.9) | 970 (21.8) |  | 13177 (17.9) | 783 (24.2) |  | |
Participation in physical activityc | ||||||||||||
 Do not | 11719 (23.5) | 5474 (24.5) | <0.001 | 14213 (23.7) | 2980 (24.3) | 0.165 | 16244 (23.8) | 949 (22.6) | 0.1554 | 16511 (23.8) | 682 (22.7) | 0.224 |
 Do ≥ 1 per week | 38286 (76.5) | 16956 (75.5) |  | 46152 (76.3) | 9090 (75.7) | 52023 (76.2) | 3219 (77.4) |  | 52903 (76.2) | 2339 (77.3) |  | |
Cigarette smoking | ||||||||||||
 Non-smoker | 46152 (92.3) | 19189 (85.7) | <0.001 | 55207 (91.4) | 10134 (84.4) | <0.001 | 62009 (90.8) | 3332 (80.4) | <0.001 | 63004 (90.8) | 2337 (78.2) | <0.001 |
 <10 /day | 3176 (6.4) | 2503 (11.1) |  | 4211 (7.0) | 1468 (11.9) |  | 5095 (7.5) | 584 (13.5) |  | 5218 (7.5) | 461 (14.6) |  |
 ≥10 /day | 677 (1.3) | 738 (3.2) |  | 947 (1.6) | 468 (3.7) |  | 1163 (1.7) | 252 (6.2) |  | 1192 (1.7) | 223 (7.3) |  |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||
 Non-drinker | 43211 (86.6) | 17258 (77.4) | <0.001 | 51392 (85.3) | 9077 (75.7) | <0.001 | 57484 (84.5) | 2985 (72.2) | <0.001 | 58376 (84.3) | 2093 (69.9) | <0.001 |
 Drinker | 4483 (9.0) | 2533 (11.3) |  | 5583 (9.2) | 1433 (12.1) |  | 6512 (9.5) | 504 (12.3) |  | 6652 (9.6) | 364 (12.3) |  |
 Individuals with problem drinkingd | 2311 (4.4) | 2639 (11.3) |  | 3390 (5.5) | 1560 (12.2) |  | 4271 (6.0) | 679 (15.5) |  | 4386 (6.1) | 564 (17.8) |  |
Sleep duration | ||||||||||||
 <5 h | 10124 (20.0) | 5595 (24.6) | <0.001 | 12481 (20.3) | 3238 (26.8) | <0.001 | 14415 (20.8) | 1304 (31.5) | <0.001 | 14725 (20.9) | 994 (33.4) | <0.001 |
 5~7 h | 17719 (36.7) | 8394 (38.0) |  | 21807 (37.3) | 4306 (35.9) |  | 24822 (37.5) | 1291 (31.1) |  | 25191 (37.4) | 922 (30.5) |  |
 7 h< | 17770 (34.2) | 5714 (24.8) |  | 20376 (32.5) | 3108 (25.3) |  | 22367 (31.6) | 1117 (26.2) |  | 22702 (31.5) | 782 (25.3) |  |
 Missinge | 4392 (9.2) | 2727 (12.6) |  | 5701 (9.9) | 1418 (12.1) |  | 6663 (10.2) | 456 (11.2) |  | 6796 (10.2) | 323 (10.8) |  |
Sleep satisfaction | ||||||||||||
 Well enough | 14818 (29.4) | 3727 (16.8) | <0.001 | 16662 (27.5) | 1883 (15.9) | <0.001 | 17817 (26.0) | 728 (17.7) | <0.001 | 18050 (25.9) | 495 (17.2) | <0.001 |
 Enough | 16788 (33.6) | 6445 (28.9) |  | 20035 (33.3) | 3198 (26.6) |  | 22202 (32.6) | 1031 (25.2) |  | 22487 (32.5) | 746 (24.4) |  |
 Not enough | 18399 (37.0) | 12258 (54.3) |  | 23668 (39.3) | 6989 (57.6) |  | 28248 (41.4) | 2409 (57.1) |  | 28877 (41.6) | 1780 (58.4) |  |
Violence | ||||||||||||
 Never experienced | 48927 (97.9) | 21068 (94.0) | <0.001 | 58900 (97.6) | 11095 (92.1) | <0.001 | 66417 (97.3) | 3578 (85.7) | <0.001 | 67456 (97.2) | 2539 (83.9) | <0.001 |
 Experienced ≥1 time | 1078 (2.1) | 1362 (6.0) |  | 1465 (2.4) | 975 (7.9) |  | 1850 (2.7) | 590 (14.3) |  | 1958 (2.8) | 482 (16.1) |  |