Table 3 Factors associated with depression in people with newly diagnosed TB

 Male

174

172

1

1

 Female

124

174

1.17 (1.16–1.19)***

1.23 (1.18–1.27)***

Age (Z-score; SD = 14):

30.7 ± 11.5

37.7 ± 16.3

1.22 (1.07–1.39)**

1.19 (1.06–1.33)**

 No formal education

105

186

1

1

 Primary education

89

101

0.83 (0.82–0.85)***

1.09 (1.01–1.18)*

 Secondary education or higher

104

59

0.57 (0.53–0.60)***

0.93 (0.90–0.95)***

 Urban

198

162

1

1

 Rural

100

184

1.44 (1.13–1.84)**

1.22 (0.91–1.64)

 Christian

225

198

1

1

 Muslim

73

148

1.43 (0.97–2.11)

1.23 (0.79–1.92)

 Negative

235

260

1

1

 Positive

31

40

1.07 (0.67–1.71)

1.33 (0.81–2.17)

 Unknown

32

46

1.12 (0.95–1.32)

1.11 (0.88–1.40)

Annual household income (Z-scores; SD = 657USD):

22 USD ± 27

12.7 USD ± 18

0.78 (0.68–0.88)***

0.87 (0.74–1.02)

 Single

124

85

1

1

 Married

144

216

1.48 (1.18–1.84)**

1.06 (0.65–1.71)

 Divorced or widow

30

45

1.48 (1.32–1.65)***

0.97 (0.72–1.32)

 Poor

79

135

1

1

 Moderate

121

112

0.76 (0.72–0.81)***

0.83 (0.79–0.88)***

 Strong

98

99

0.80 (0.72–0.88)***

0.89 (0.85–0.93)***

 No cough

135

69

1

1

 Mild-to-moderate cough

123

139

1.57 (0.90–2.73)

1.40 (0.92–2.12)

 Severe cough

40

138

2.29 (1.07–4.90)*

1.53 (0.88–2.68)

 No night sweating

124

75

1

1

 Mild-to-moderate night sweating

129

145

1.40 (1.11–1.77)**

1.21 (1.12–1.32)***

 Severe night sweating

45

126

1.96 (1.53–2.49)**

1.25 (1.16–1.35)***

 Never taken medication

190

227

1

1

 1–3 days medication

60

68

0.98 (0.76–1.26)

0.97 (0.71–1.31)

 More than 3 days medication

48

51

0.95 (0.60–1.50)

1.14 (0.77–1.69)

 Less than 2 weeks

57

34

1

1

 2–12weeks

121

159

1.52 (1.36–1.69)***

1.40 (1.19–1.66)***

 More than 12–52 weeks

93

118

1.50 (1.15–1.94)**

1.40 (1.00–1.94)

 More than 52 weeks

27

35

1.51 (1.19–1.92)**

1.35 (1.22–1.50)***

 Not underweight

154

131

1

1

 Underweight

144

215

1.30 (1.02–1.66)*

1.10 (1.07–1.13)*

 No pain

37

17

1

1

 Mild-to-moderate pain

195

122

1.22 (0.96–1.56)

1.09 (0.99–1.21)

 Severe pain

66

207

2.41 (1.50–3.87)***

1.69 (1.24–2.29)***