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Table 2 Prediction of depression, suicidal ideation, and anxiety in a German representative sample by loneliness controlling for demographic variables and other sources of distress (N = 15,010)

From: Loneliness in the general population: prevalence, determinants and relations to mental health

 

Depression (PHQ-8)

Anxiety (GAD-2)

Suicidal ideation

Variables

OR

95% CI

p-value

OR

95% CI

p-value

OR

95% CI

p-value

Loneliness

1.91

1.74-2.09

< 0.0001

1.21

1.09-1.34

0.0002

1.31

1.19-1.44

<0.0001

Age

0.99

0.98-0.99

0.0004

0.98

0.98-0.99

0.0002

1.03

1.02-1.03

<0.0001

Women

0.94

0.80-1.10

0.4209

1.25

1.06-1.49

0.01

0.92

0.79-1.08

0.3127

Partnership

0.92

0.76-1.11

0.3731

1.02

0.83-1.25

0.8771

0.80

0.67-0.95

0.0117

Socioeconomic status

0.94

0.92-0.96

< 0.0001

0.97

0.97-0.98

0.0043

0.96

0.95-0.98

0.0001

Generalized anxiety

2.91

2.73-3.11

< 0.0001

-

  

1.30

1.21-1.39

<.0001

Panic attack

2.98

2.42-3.67

< 0.0001

2.69

2.17-3.34

< 0.0001

1.49

1.19-1.86

0.0005

depression

-

  

1.46

1.42-1.49

< 0.0001

1.29

1.26-1.32

< 0.0001

c-statistic

0.90

0.91

0.87

  1. Note: OR Odds ratio, 95% CI = 95% confidence interval