Table 1 Description of the intervention according to the TiDieR (modified based on Hoffman [99])

Name

Educational intervention to support positive treatment culture and team climate in staff members in psychiatric hospitals

Rationale/Theory

Patients’ conditions, treatment environment and ward culture may affect patients’ behaviour. Use of coercive methods could be prevented with staff education about user-centred if more humane approaches as well as collaboration between patients, family members and staff members could be increased. Staff education may further positively affect treatment culture and lower the need for using coercive methods in psychiatric hospital care. [46–51]

Materials

Information about evidence-based research, written information package of intervention materials, and monitoring tools.

Procedures

Identification and analysis of current treatment practices, local house rules and quality of the service facilities. Identification of quality gaps, SWOT, barriers and facilitators for change. Dissemination of research evidence. One-day workshop seminars, local meetings and outreach visits. Ongoing monitoring and support by calls/emails.

Providers

Trial team: with a background of psychiatric care as nurses/researchers, an academic qualification (master and/or doctoral level) with an experience in continuing education of staff members (professor, senior researcher, project researcher, doctoral student, master students).

Staff members: different health care professionals.

How

Face-to-face seminars with lectures, workshops, group meetings, outreach visits, telephone and email contacts with staff members. If needed, video meetings will be organized with staff members.

Where

At the psychiatric wards and at the University facilities (workshops, seminars).

When and how much

Intervention will take 18 months:

 - Identification, analysis and sharing current treatment practices, use of coercive methods, local house rules, and quality of the service facilities (months 1–4)

 - Identification of quality gaps, SWOT analysis in workshop and local meeting, barriers and facilitators for change in each ward, and dissemination of research evidence in workshop; one-day workshop seminars, local meetings and outreach visits (months 5-8),

 - Ongoing support by calls/emails provided, workshop, local meetings (months 9–18).

Tailoring and modifications

The education process with specific protocol is similar at each ward. The activities taken on each ward based on the need analysis and the quality gaps may be tailored to fulfil the needs of each ward.