Table 1 General characteristics of participants
Category | n | M | SD | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||
 Male | 109 | 19.38 | 10.86 | −2.12 | .036 |
 Female | 57 | 23.28 | 12.05 |  |  |
Age | |||||
  < 60 | 120 | 20.92 | 10.85 | .36 | .717 |
  ≥ 60 | 46 | 20.20 | 12.84 |  |  |
the presence of spouse | |||||
 yes | 108 | 20.22 | 11.35 | −.76 | .447 |
 no | 58 | 21.64 | 11.54 |  |  |
Education | |||||
 Below high school | 47 | 21.26 | 12.64 | 2.56 | .012 |
 Above high school | 119 | 19.32 | 10.61 |  |  |
Household income | |||||
 Sufficient income | 120 | 18.43 | 11.40 | −4.39 | .000 |
 Insufficient income | 46 | 26.67 | 9.11 |  |  |