Table 6 Logistic regression analyses of socio-demographic (Model 1), psychosocial (Model 2), and mental health predictors (Model 3) of positive PTSD assignments based on the ICD-10, ICD-11, DSM-IV CFA models and the HTQ 2.2 community threshold (PTSD ≥ 2.2)

 Sex: Female (ref.: male.)

1.55(1.31–1.84)**

1.86(1.55–2.22)**

1.80(1.51–2.15)**

2.36(1.85–3.01)**

 Location: Rural (ref: urban.)

0.95(0.79–1.14)

1.01(0.83–1.27)

0.86(0.71–1.04)

1.26(0.96–1.65)

 Age group (years): <24 (ref.)

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  25–34

1.34(1.04–1.72)*

1.30(0.98–1.71)

1.20(0.92–1.56)

0.95(0.66–1.38)

  35–44

1.02(0.76–1.37)

0.89(0.65–1.23)

0.89(0.66–1.21)

0.90(0.59–1.37)

  45–54

0.85(0.60–1.21)

0.73(0.50–1.06)

0.69(0.48–0.99)

0.82(0.50–1.32)

   ≥ 55

0.75(0.53–1.05)

0.69(0.48–0.99)*

0.58(0.40–0.83)**

0.53(0.32–0.87)**

 Married (ref: single)

0.97(0.80–1.18)

0.89(0.72–1.09)

0.99(0.82–1.22)

0.73(0.56–0.96)*

 Educational attainment: No education (ref.)

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  Completed primary

1.12(0.86–1.46)

1.05(0.79–1.40)

1.02(0.78–1.34)

0.96(0.66–1.38)

  Completed junior high school

1.17(0.87–1.56)

0.98(0.72–1.34)

1.16(0.86–1.56)

1.07(0.72–1.60)

  Completed senior high school

0.87(0.69–1.11)

0.94(0.73–1.22)

0.96(0.75–1.23)

1.12(0.80–1.55)

  Completed tertiary

0.73(0.54–1.01)

0.79(0.56–1.12)

0.67(0.47–0.93)*

0.76(0.47–1.42)

 Employment: Employed (ref.)

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  Engaged in subsistence farming

0.91(0.76–1.09)

0.78(0.64–0.95)*

0.77(0.63–0.93)**

0.66(0.51–0.85)**

  Unemployed

1.00(0.60–1.67)

0.85(0.50–1.43)

1.09(0.64–1.82)

0.61(0.31–1.18)

 Adversity count (continuous)

1.06(1.03–1.08)**

1.09(1.06–1.12)**

1.07(1.04–1.10)**

1.12(1.08–1.15)**

 Trauma count (continuous)

1.15(1.12–1.18)**

1.17(1.14–1.21)**

1.18(1.14–1.21)**

1.22(1.17–1.27)**

 Psychological distress: K10 ≥ 30 (ref: K10 < 30)

2.83(2.29–3.52)**

3.07(2.49–3.78)**

3.14(2.55–3.88)**

2.91(2.30–3.68)**

  No domain of impairment

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  1–2 domains of impairment

1.22(0.77–1.95)

1.09(0.58–2.04)

1.22(0.75–2.01)

1.07(0.21–5.41)

  3 domains of impairment

1.93(1.24–3.00)**

2.01(1.15–3.52)*

1.27(0.79–2.04)

4.70(1.33–16.61)*

  4 domains of impairment

2.10(1.50–2.94)**

3.55(2.27–5.57)**

1.93(1.35–2.77)**

10.97(3.48–34.57)*