Does the number of previous mood episodes moderate the relationship between alcohol use, smoking and mood in bipolar outpatients?

Table 2 Associations and interaction analyses for alcohol/smoking severity, and mood in BD in one-year follow-up (n = 108)

	Number of depressive days per year				Number of (hypo+)manic days per year
	95% CI^b				95% CI^b
	β^b	Lower bound	Upper bound	p-value*	β^b	Lower bound	Upper bound	p-value*
Alcohol use^a	0.961	0.791	1.168	0.687	0.994	0.843	1.171	0.938
Interaction of alcohol use by quartile^a:
First quartile^c	0.819	0.448	1.496	0.512	2.003	1.225	3.274	0.006
Second quartile^c	0.812	0.579	1.140	0.226	0.713	0.539	0.944	0.019
Third quartile^c	1.004	0.708	1.426	0.980	0.885	0.659	1.190	0.416
Fourth quartile^c	1.267	0.922	1.741	0.142	1.228	0.939	1.607	0.132
Smoking^a	1.040	1.003	1.079	0.033	0.982	0.952	1.013	0.256
Interaction of smoking by quartile^a:
First quartile^c	0.999	0.893	1.118	0.988	1.064	0.967	1.170	0.201
Second quartile^c	0.994	0.914	1.080	0.878	1.021	0.952	1.095	0.553
Third quartile^c	0.965	0.893	1.042	0.358	0.928	0.871	0.989	0.021
Fourth quartile^c	1.043	0.952	1.142	0.365	1.052	0.976	1.135	0.182

^aAverage alcohol use and smoking per day based on the whole year, adjusted for gender, age at intake in the ADS study, socioeconomic status and age at onset of BD.
*Bolded p-values denote significance.
^bAnalyses over natural logarithmic transformed values; presented values are the back-transformed values.
^cIn each analysis, the effect of the mentioned quartile is compared to the other three quartiles as reference categories. Quartiles refer to <7, 7–13, 14–44 and >44 previous mood episodes, respectively

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