Measurement invariance testing of the PHQ-9 in a multi-ethnic population in Europe: the HELIUS study

BMC Psychiatry

Table 7 Results linear regression analysis on item-specific DIF^a

	PHQ-9 Item:	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
		R²	R²	R²	R²	R²	R²	R²	R²	R²
Men:	Ethnicity	0.008	0.005	0.000	0.007	0.004	0.004	0.001	0.001	0.001
Men:	Ethnicity + ethnicity*factor score	0.014	0.009	0.002	0.009	0.006	0.009	0.002	0.004	0.003
Women:	Ethnicity	0.012	0.006	0.001	0.005	0.003	0.002	0.001	0.003	0.002
Women:	Ethnicity + ethnicity*factor score	0.015	0.011	0.003	0.006	0.004	0.003	0.002	0.005	0.003

R² = explained variance
^aOutcome variable in these linear regression analyses: Residuals that were obtained in logistic regression models with PHQ-9 item scores as outcome variables, and PHQ-9 factor score as the predictor (for all regression coefficients, see Tables 8 and 9)

ISSN: 1471-244X