Table 1 Baseline Characteristics in Subjects with MetS and without MetS
|  | With MetS n = 384 (34.4%) | Without MetS n = 731 (65.6%) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 63.7 ± 9.2 | 61.1 ± 9.7 | 0.0001 |
Gender | 0.05 | ||
 Women | 206 (53.6%) | 347 (47.5%) |  |
 Men | 178 (46.4%) | 384 (52.5%) |  |
Residence | 0.0001 | ||
 Rural | 244 (63.5%) | 539 (73.7%) |  |
 Urban | 140 (36.5%) | 192 (26.3%) |  |
Education | 0.219 | ||
 High school or lower | 193 (50.3%) | 341 (46.6%) |  |
 Graduated from high school | 150 (39.1%) | 324 (44.3%) |  |
 University degree | 41 (10.7%) | 66 (9.0%) |  |
Marital status | 0.152 | ||
 Currently married | 260 (67.7%) | 531 (72.6%) |  |
 Never married | 20 (5.2%) | 40 (5.5%) |  |
 Divorced or widower | 104 (27.1%) | 160 (21.9%) |  |
Employment status | 0.002 | ||
 Currently employed | 71 (18.5%) | 188 (25.7%) |  |
 Currently unemployed | 43 (11.2%) | 108 (14.8%) |  |
 Retired/disabled | 270 (70.3%) | 435 (59.5%) |  |
Current smoking | 0.329 | ||
 Non-smokers | 266 (69.3%) | 478 (65.4%) |  |
 Smokes 1–9 cigarettes/day | 19 (4.9%) | 54 (7.4%) |  |
 Smokes 10–19 cigarettes/day | 38 (9.9%) | 69 (9.4%) |  |
 Smokes ≥20 cigarettes/day | 61 (15.9%) | 130 (17.8%) |  |
Alcohol consumption | 0.024 | ||
 Non-consumers | 54 (14.1%) | 71 (9.7%) |  |
 Several times/year | 210 (54.7%) | 384 (52.5%) |  |
 Monthly or more | 120 (31.2%) | 276 (37.8%) |  |
Physical activity a | 0.0001 | ||
 Several times/month or more | 75 (19.5%) | 124 (17.0%) |  |
 Several times/year | 75 (19.5%) | 256 (35.0%) |  |
 Non-active | 234 (60.9%) | 351 (48.0%) |  |
Past medical histories | |||
 Myocardial infarction | 33 (8.6%) | 29 (4.0%) | 0.001 |
 Stroke | 26 (6.8%) | 28 (3.8%) | 0.030 |
 Cardiovascular disorders | 275 (71.6%) | 388 (53.1%) | 0.0001 |
 Respiratory disorders | 138 (35.9%) | 232 (31.7%) | 0.157 |
 Gastrointestinal disorders | 131 (34.1%) | 241 (33.0%) | 0.70 |
 Musculoskeletal disorders | 204 (53.1%) | 387 (52.9%) | 0.953 |
 Neurological disorders | 86 (22.4%) | 175 (23.9%) | 0.563 |
 Genitourinary tract disorders | 110 (28.6%) | 187 (25.6%) | 0.271 |
 Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 45 (11.7%) | 8 (1.1%) | 0.0001 |
 Other endocrine disorders | 103 (26.8%) | 118 (16.1%) | 0.0001 |
 Other diseases | 135 (35.2%) | 231 (31.6%) | 0.230 |
Current medication use | |||
 ACE inhibitors | 144 (37.5%) | 97 (13.3%) | 0.0001 |
 Beta-blockers | 41 (10.7%) | 29 (4.0%) | 0.0001 |
 Calcium channel blockers | 43 (11.2%) | 26 (3.6%) | 0.0001 |
 Other medication | 98 (25.5%) | 107 (14.6%) | 0.0001 |
Current MINI mental disorders | |||
 Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 116 (30.2%) | 153 (20.9%) | 0.001 |
 Major Depressive Episode | 97 (25.3%) | 104 (14.2%) | 0.0001 |