Risk of dementia in patients with primary insomnia: a nationwide population-based case-control study

BMC Psychiatry

Table 3 Crude and adjusted Hazard Ratios (HRs) for dementia among sampled patients of different age groups during the 3-year follow-up period after index healthcare utilization

	n	dementia case	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	n	dementia case	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
20–39
No insomnia	88,185	34	1.00	(reference)	1.00	(reference)
Primary insomnia	17,637	30	4.88*	(2.98- 7.99)	4.77*	(2.90-7.84)
40–59
No insomnia	110,405	253	1.00	(reference)	1.00	(reference)
Primary insomnia	22,081	155	3.56*	(2.91- 4.36)	3.24*	(2.64-3.97)
60–74
No insomnia	44,450	1392	1.00	(reference)	1.00	(reference)
Primary insomnia	8890	533	2.21*	(2.00- 2.44)	2.12*	(1.92-2.34)
≥ 75
No insomnia	15,675	1793	1.00	(reference)	1.00	(reference)
Primary insomnia	3135	598	1.96*	(1.79- 2.15)	1.95*	(1.77-2.14)

*p < 0.05 The HR was calculated by using the stratified Cox proportional regression method (stratified by sex, age group, and the year of index healthcare use) during the 3-year follow-up period. Adjustments were made for the following selected comorbidities in the patients: diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic liver disease, and chronic kidney disease

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