Table 2 Item characteristics

1^*

hope and enthusiasm

0.19

0.008

19

.56

2

might as well give up

0.13

0.007

13

.49

3*

bad things won’t stay forever

0.08

0.005

8

.33

4

can’t imagine live in 10 years

0.51

0.010

51

.25

5*

enough time for accomplishments

0.21

0.008

21

.48

6*

expect to succeed

0.13

0.007

13

.57

7

dark future

0.14

0.007

14

.64

8*

particularly lucky

0.55

0.010

55

.20

9

can’t get the breaks

0.25

0.009

25

.46

10*

well prepared for the future

0.10

0.006

10

.45

11

unpleasantness ahead

0.19

0.008

19

.64

12

don’t expect to get what I really want

0.35

0.010

35

.50

13*

future will be happier

0.52

0.010

52

.03

14

things just don’t work out

0.31

0.009

31

.57

15*

faith in the future

0.21

0.008

21

.57

16

never get what I want

0.13

0.007

13

.53

17

real satisfaction unlikely

0.18

0.008

18

.63

18

future vague and uncertain

0.30

0.009

30

.59

19*

more good times

0,19

0.008

19

.53

20

no use in trying

0.21

0.008

21

.56

M

SD

P _i

BHS-sum score

4.87

4.33

24

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