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Table 3 Primary and Secondary Outcomes

From: Effectiveness of brief psychological interventions for suicidal presentations: a systematic review

 

Suicide

Repeat suicide attempts

Suicide composite

Suicidal ideation

Depression

Health-care utilization

Hopelessness

Alcohol Use

Type of outcome

Behavioural

Behavioural

Behavioural

Self-rated

Self-rated

Self-report & records

Self-rated

Self-rated

Fleischmann et al 2008 [23] n = 1867

Risk of bias scorea: 14/15

Fewer suicides:

0.2% intervention vs. 2.2% control (x2 = 13.83; P < 0.001)

RR = 0.10 (0.02 to 0.45)

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Gysin-Maillart et al 2016 [24] n = 120

Risk of bias score: 13/15

n/a

Fewer suicide attempts

8.3% intervention vs. 26.7% control (Wald χ21 = 13.1, 95% CI 12.4–13.7, p < 0.001)

HR 0.17 (0.07–0.46)

n/a

No difference found

No difference found

72% fewer days in hospital after 1 year (ASSIP: 29 d; control group: 105 d; W = 94.5, p = 0.038) but not significant at 2 years

n/a

n/a

King et al 2015 [25] n = 49

Risk of bias score: 13/15

n/a

n/a

n/a

No difference found

Lower depression

intervention Mean (SD) 25.4 (4.7) vs. 30.9 (4.0) control, F = 10.84, df = 1,44; p < .01 (Cohen’s d = 1.07; large effect size)

n/a

No difference found

No difference found

Miller et al 2017 [22] n = 1376

Risk of bias score: 10/15

n/a

Fewer suicide attempts:

TAU, 22.9% (114/497); INT, 18.3% (92/502)

RR 0.80 (0.63 to 1.02)

Lower suicide composite:

TAU: 48.9% (243/497)

INT: 41.4% (208/502)

RR 0.85 (0.74 to 0.97)

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

  1. TAU treatment as usual, INT intervention
  2. aHigher score indicates lower risk of bias