Table 2 Psychological distress in patients with non-cardiac chest pain, (mean ± SD)
|  | Total (N = 552) | History of cardiac disease (n = 188) | No history of cardiac disease (n = 360) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Somatization | ||||
 PHQ-15 total score | 10.0 ± 5.4 | 10.8 ± 5.6 | 9.5 ± 5.2 | 0.007 |
Fear of body sensations | ||||
 BSQ total score | 31.4 ± 12.1 | 31.5 ± 12.9 | 31.3 ± 11.7 | 0.837 |
Cardiac anxiety | ||||
 CAQ total score | 24.6 ± 13.0 | 28.2 ± 14.5 | 22.7 ± 11.8 | < 0.001 |
  - Fear mean score | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 0.010 |
  - Avoidance mean score | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 |
  - Heart-focused attention mean score | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.017 |
Depressive symptoms | ||||
 PHQ-9 total score | 6.4 ± 5.9 | 7.4 ± 6.6 | 5.8 ± 5.4 | 0.002 |