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Table 3 Predictors of depressive symptoms (CES-D) – results of fixed effects regressions (total sample; men; women)

From: Are changes in body-mass-index associated with changes in depressive symptoms? Findings of a population-based longitudinal study among older Germans

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

Independent variables

Depressive symptoms

Depressive symptoms

Depressive symptoms

Depressive symptoms - Men

Depressive symptoms - Men

Depressive symptoms - Men

Depressive symptoms - Women

Depressive symptoms - Women

Depressive symptoms - Women

Age

−0.0185

−0.0172

−0.0201

0.00932

0.00943

0.00813

− 0.0504*

−0.0473*

− 0.0501*

 

(0.0149)

(0.0150)

(0.0150)

(0.0187)

(0.0187)

(0.0187)

(0.0235)

(0.0235)

(0.0236)

Other marital statuses (Ref.: Married, living together with spouse)

0.480

0.461

0.461

0.133

0.129

0.131

0.904

0.867

0.849

 

(0.441)

(0.441)

(0.440)

(0.511)

(0.511)

(0.511)

(0.693)

(0.690)

(0.689)

Retired (Ref.: Working)

−0.364

−0.372

−0.386

−0.306

−0.309

− 0.315

− 0.459

−0.453

− 0.477

 

(0.245)

(0.244)

(0.243)

(0.286)

(0.286)

(0.287)

(0.402)

(0.399)

(0.396)

Other: not employed

0.260

0.265

0.263

0.261

0.264

0.271

0.197

0.199

0.173

 

(0.285)

(0.284)

(0.283)

(0.372)

(0.372)

(0.371)

(0.422)

(0.420)

(0.418)

Household net equivalent income

−4.92e-06

−1.26e-06

4.66e-06

−3.11e-05

−3.07e-05

−2.92e-05

1.55e-05

2.33e-05

3.37e-05

 

(4.47e-05)

(4.44e-05)

(4.39e-05)

(6.36e-05)

(6.37e-05)

(6.38e-05)

(7.20e-05)

(7.17e-05)

(7.05e-05)

Number of important persons in regular contact

−0.0142

−0.0132

−0.0124

−0.00162

−0.00173

−0.000587

−0.0289

− 0.0241

−0.0285

 

(0.0228)

(0.0228)

(0.0227)

(0.0279)

(0.0279)

(0.0279)

(0.0365)

(0.0365)

(0.0363)

Self-esteem (Rosenberg scale)

−3.204***

−3.191***

−3.171***

−2.894***

−2.893***

−2.888***

− 3.465***

−3.429***

− 3.399***

 

(0.273)

(0.272)

(0.272)

(0.317)

(0.317)

(0.317)

(0.428)

(0.426)

(0.424)

Total number of physical diseases

0.291***

0.288***

0.281***

0.338***

0.337***

0.334***

0.231**

0.231**

0.224**

 

(0.0552)

(0.0551)

(0.0549)

(0.0707)

(0.0705)

(0.0702)

(0.0851)

(0.0847)

(0.0843)

BMI

−0.119**

−0.795***

−3.791***

−0.136*

−0.262

−1.291

−0.0963+

−1.204***

−5.766***

 

(0.0395)

(0.237)

(0.917)

(0.0561)

(0.257)

(1.288)

(0.0556)

(0.327)

(1.338)

BMI2

 

0.0111**

0.107***

 

0.00206

0.0342

 

0.0183***

0.167***

  

(0.00396)

(0.0275)

 

(0.00397)

(0.0377)

 

(0.00554)

(0.0416)

BMI3

  

−0.000970***

  

−0.000319

  

−0.00154***

   

(0.000261)

  

(0.000346)

  

(0.000415)

Constant

20.82***

30.60***

60.77***

18.18***

20.03***

30.66*

23.31***

39.04***

84.03***

 

(1.728)

(3.800)

(9.927)

(2.240)

(4.400)

(14.19)

(2.552)

(5.252)

(14.07)

R2

0.045

0.047

0.049

0.050

0.050

0.050

0.045

0.050

0.054

Observations

19,826

19,826

19,826

10,142

10,142

10,142

9684

9684

9684

Number of Individuals

12,793

12,793

12,793

6549

6549

6549

6244

6244

6244

  1. Beta-Coefficients were reported; Cluster-robust standard errors in parentheses; *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, + p < 0.10; listwise deletion was used. It is worth emphasizing that the Stata command for FE regression analysis include subjects with only one observation in calculating the number of observations since these subjects deliver information about the variance components, the constant, the between R2, the overall R2 as well as the correlation between individual effects constant over time and the regressors. However, it does not affect the beta-coefficients and the standard errors
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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