Effectiveness of eLearning and blended modes of delivery of Mental Health First Aid training in the workplace: randomised controlled trial

Reavley, Nicola J.; Morgan, Amy J.; Fischer, Julie-Anne; Kitchener, Betty; Bovopoulos, Nataly; Jorm, Anthony F.

doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1888-3

Table 3 Observed means (and standard deviations) and estimated mean differences in change over time between intervention and control groups for all outcome measures

From: Effectiveness of eLearning and blended modes of delivery of Mental Health First Aid training in the workplace: randomised controlled trial

Observed scores									Mean change over time
Outcome	Assessment	eLearning MHFA		blended MHFA		eLearning PFA			MHFA eLearning vs PFA eLearning	Blended MHFA vs PFA eLearning	MHFA blended vs eLearning
Outcome	Assessment	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD		95% CI	95% CI	95% CI
Knowledge
Knowledge of MHFA (% correct)	baseline	46.9	15.3	44.6	14.6	44.9	15.3	Mean diff	21.31^*** 16.77–25.90	25.04^*** 20.51–29.57	3.70 −0.57 – 7.98
	post	71.5	15.0	73.1	12.7	49.4	18.1	Cohen’s d	1.35 1.02–1.67	1.55 1.22–1.89	0.11 − 0.16 - 0.38
Beliefs about treatment - depression	baseline	5.92	2.32	5.79	2.08	5.77	2.28	Mean diff	1.80^*** 1.19–2.41	2.01^*** 1.40–2.61	0.20 − 0.36 - 0.77
	post	7.79	1.90	7.76	1.80	5.90	2.54	Cohen’s d	0.86 0.55–1.17	0.87 0.56–1.18	0.15^# − 0.12 – 0.43
Beliefs about treatment - PTSD	baseline	4.87	1.96	4.70	1.92	4.78	1.96	Mean diff	1.54^*** 0.98–2.11	1.59^*** 1.03–2.15	0.05 −0.48 - 0.58
	post	7.17	1.81	7.08	1.65	5.74	2.48	Cohen’s d	0.67 0.37–0.98	0.66 0.36–0.96	− 0.01^# − 0.26 – 0.28
		N	%	N	%	N	%
Correct recognition of depression	baseline	190	95.5	176	88.4	190	90.5	Odds ratio	1.05 0.17–6.42	11.11^* 1.60–77.28	10.57^* 1.47–76.22
	post	94	93.1	103	96.3	69	88.5
Correct recognition of PTSD	baseline	142	71.4	150	75.4	160	76.2	Odds ratio	1.28 0.38–4.32	3.61 0.96–13.57	2.83 0.84–9.55
	post	78	77.2	94	88.7	61	79.2
Confidence		M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Confidence - depression	baseline	2.87	1.06	2.84	1.09	2.88	1.06	Mean diff	0.43^** 0.16–0.69	0.56^*** 0.29–0.82	0.13 −0.12 - 0.38
	post	3.55	0.90	3.63	0.75	3.15	1.06	Cohen’s d	0.41 0.11–0.71	0.53 0.23–0.83	0.09 − 0.19 - 0.36
Confidence - PTSD	baseline	2.88	1.10	2.83	1.09	2.87	1.15	Mean diff	0.58^*** 0.28–0.87	0.65^*** 0.36–0.94	0.07 − 0.20 - 0.35
	post	3.74	0.90	3.78	0.81	3.22	1.11	Cohen’s d	0.52 0.22–0.82	0.59 0.29–0.89	0.04 −0.23 - 0.32
MHFA intentions quality		M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Intentions - depression	baseline	3.91	1.73	3.62	1.62	3.60	1.61	Mean diff	2.06^*** 1.45–2.66	3.00^*** 2.41–3.60	0.95^** 0.38–1.52
	post	5.67	2.35	6.35	2.45	3.31	1.55	Cohen’s d	1.16 0.84–1.48	1.43 1.11–1.76	0.28 0.01–0.55
Intentions - PTSD	baseline	3.06	1.45	2.98	1.52	3.03	1.45	Mean diff	2.30^*** 1.76–2.85	2.47^*** 1.93–3.01	0.17 −0.35 - 0.68
	post	5.25	2.33	5.40	2.14	2.94	1.37	Cohen’s d	1.17 0.85–1.49	1.33 1.00–1.65	0.07 −0.21 - 0.34
MHFA intentions – Would help		N	%	N	%	N	%
Depression - Agree or strongly agree	baseline	156	78.4	149	74.9	158	75.2	Odds ratio	3.33^* 1.06–10.44	4.26^* 1.39–13.07	1.28 0.42–3.94
	post	87	86.1	93	86.9	56	71.8
PTSD - Agree or strongly agree	baseline	150	75.4	148	74.4	160	76.2	Odds ratio	22.37^*** 4.82–103.91	7.33^** 2.11–25.50	0.33 0.08–1.35
	post	95	94.1	94	88.7	54	70.1
Social distance - depression
% scoring at or below the median. Lower scores mean less social distance	baseline	N	%	N	%	N	%
	baseline	141	70.9	137	68.8	148	70.5	Odds ratio	5.30^* 1.26–22.37	2.96 0.82–10.63	0.56 0.15–2.09
	post	87	86.1	88	83.0	59	76.6
Social distance - PTSD
% scoring at or below the median. Lower scores mean less social distance	baseline	N	%	N	%	N	%
	baseline	95	47.7	102	51.3	108	51.4	Odds ratio	4.99^* 1.37–18.25	2.45 0.74–8.13	0.49 0.15–1.59
	post	60	59.4	67	63.2	41	53.3
Weak not sick – depression
% scoring at or above the median	baseline	N	%	N	%	N	%
	baseline	112	56.3	115	57.8	108	51.4	Odds ratio	1.53 0.56–4.16	1.64 0.60–4.46	1.07 0.41–2.80
	post	75	74.3	80	75.5	50	64.9
Weak not sick – PTSD
% scoring at or above the median	baseline	119	59.8	120	60.3	116	55.2	Odds ratio	1.20 0.42–3.42	1.89 0.63–5.61	1.58 0.56–4.43
% scoring at or above the median	post	76	75.3	87	82.1	55	71.4
Dangerous/unpredictable - depression	baseline	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
	baseline	4.02	0.56	4.02	0.55	4.01	0.56	Mean diff	0.28^*** 0.13–0.43	0.28^*** 0.13–0.43	0.00 −0.14 - 0.14
	post	4.26	0.54	4.30	0.52	4.02	0.65	Cohen’s d	0.42 0.12–0.72	0.50 0.20–0.80	0.08 − 0.19 -0.36
Dangerous/unpredictable - PTSD	baseline	4.27	0.50	4.25	0.55	4.24	0.53	Mean diff	0.27^*** 0.13–0.42	0.28^*** 0.14–0.43	0.01 −0.13 - 0.15
	post	4.46	0.55	4.48	0.47	4.20	0.64	Cohen’s d	0.44 0.14–0.74	0.52 0.22–0.82	0.04 −0.23 - 0.32

* p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001
# d calculated on change, rather than post due to baseline imbalances

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