Table 1 Characteristics of the study population (n = 402) according to stratification of season and post-stroke depression
From: Impact of seasons on stroke-related depression, mediated by vitamin D status
| Â | Stratification of season | Â | Post-stroke depression | Â | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wintertime (n = 265) | Summertime (n = 137) | P-value | Non-PSD (n = 295) | PSD (n = 107) | P-value | |
Demographic characteristics | ||||||
 Age (years), mean ± SD | 62.47 ± 10.22 | 62.29 ± 10.31 | 0.871 | 62.85 ± 10.29 | 61.18 ± 10.04 | 0.149 |
 Female, n (percent) | 86 (32.5) | 46 (33.6) | 0.82 | 94 (31.9) | 38 (35.5) | 0.491 |
 BMI (kgm−2), mean ± SD | 24.00 ± 3.28 | 23.97 ± 3.29 | 0.899 | 23.84 ± 3.18 | 24.42 ± 2.94 | 0.1 |
 Education (years), median (IQR) | 5 (0–7) | 4.5 (1–7) | 0.889 | 4.5 (0–7) | 5 (0–7) | 0.862 |
Vascular risk factors (%) | ||||||
 Hypertension | 192 (72.7) | 101 (73.7) | 0.831 | 211 (71.8) | 82 (76.6) | 0.331 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 55 (20.9) | 46 (33.6) | 0.006 | 76 (25.9) | 25 (23.4) | 0.6 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 18 (6.9) | 6 (4.4) | 0.316 | 14 (4.8) | 10 (9.4) | 0.086 |
 Coronary heart disease | 19 (7.3) | 4 (2.9) | 0.076 | 20 (6.9) | 3 (2.9) | 0.136 |
 History of stroke | 23 (8.8) | 20 (14.6) | 0.075 | 32 (10.9) | 11 (10.4) | 0.877 |
 Active smokers | 82 (31.5) | 37 (27.6) | 0.421 | 93 (32.2) | 26 (24.8) | 0.156 |
 Alcohol consumption | 94 (37.3) | 46 (35.9) | 0.794 | 111 (39.8) | 29 (28.7) | 0.048 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 153.68 ± 21.38 | 158.45 ± 24.54 | 0.055 | 154.78 ± 22.91 | 156.76 ± 21.72 | 0.439 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 82.96 ± 13.16 | 85.34 ± 13.03 | 0.085 | 83.40 ± 13.34 | 84.79 ± 12.63 | 0.149 |
Stroke subtype | Â | Â | 0.629 | Â | Â | 0.001 |
 Hemorrhagic stroke | 47 (17.7) | 27 (19.7) |  | 43 (14.6) | 31 (29.0) |  |
 Ischemia stroke | 218 (82.3) | 110 (80.3) |  | 252 (85.4) | 76 (71.0) |  |
NIHSS score | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 0.909 | 2 (1–4) | 3 (2–6) | < 0.001 |
Vitamin D (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 46.98 (30.90–57.88) | 52.44 (46.04–68.11) | < 0.001 | 51.06 (36.44–63.95) | 43.80 (30.40–55.88) | 0.011 |
HAMD at 1 month, median (IQR) | 5 (2–9) | 3 (2–6.5) | 0.005 | 3 (1–5) | 10 (9–13) | < 0.001 |