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Table 2 Comorbidities between neurological disorders with externalising and internalising psychiatric disorders

From: Prevalence, correlates for early neurological disorders and association with functioning among children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS in Uganda

N = 1070

Enuresis/ Encopresis n(%) CI, p-value

Motor/vocal tics

Epilepsy

Any neurological disorder

n

107

57

43

198

Externalising disorder

20 (18.7%)

5 (8.8%)

4 (9.3%)

28 (14.1)

 

(12.4, 27.3)

(3.6, 19.5)

(3.6, 19.5)

(9.9, 19.7)

P < 0.001

P = 0.9

P = 0.9

P = 0.01

Internalising disorder

39 (36.4%)

14 (24.6%)

14 (32.6%)

63 (31.8%)

(27.8, 46.0)

(15.0, 37.4)

(20.1, 25.2)

(25.7, 38.7)

P < 0.001

P = 0.8

P = 0.1

P = 0.001

  1. Externalising includes; any ADHD, ODD, CD, callous unemotional by symptom frequency, or clinically significant or interferes with function
  2. Internalising; MDD, persistent dysthymia, GAD, panic disorder, specific phobia, PTSD, any social anxiety, separation anxiety,