Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of all adults with ADHD included in the final data analysis
Age | |
 Mean ± standard deviation (range) | 40.5 ± 10.4 years (21–61 years) |
Gender | |
 Women | 20 (52.6%) |
 Men | 18 (47.4%) |
Education | |
 Secondary school (until grade 9)1 | 6 (15.8%) |
 Secondary school (until grade 10)2 | 11 (28.9%) |
 High school diploma (until grade 12 or 13)3 | 15 (39.5%) |
 University degree | 6 (15.8%) |
CAARS (observer-rated) | |
 Mean ± standard deviation (range) |  |
 Inattention/memory problems | 19.8 ± 7.9 (2–31) |
 Hyperactivity/restlessness | 16.4 ± 7.5 (2–27) |
 Impulsivity/emotional lability | 15.6 ± 7.9 (2–32) |
ADHD subtype | |
 Combined | 31 (81.6%) |
 Inattentive | 7 (18.4%) |
Co-morbidities: current axis I disorders | |
 Minor depressive disorder | 20 (52.6%) |
 Anxiety disorder | 7 (18.4%) |
 Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 2 (5.3%) |
Co-morbidities: lifetime axis I disorders | |
 Substance dependence | 7 (18.4%) |
 Eating disorder | 4 (10.5%) |
Co-morbidities: lifetime axis II disorders | |
 Avoidant personality disorder | 5 (13.2%) |
 Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder | 2 (5.3%) |
 Dependent personality disorder | 1 (2.6%) |