Study | Sham-controlled RCT | Sample size baseline | Age all patients baseline (mean ± SD) | Female patients baseline | Concurrent antidepressants (% patients baseline) | Dropouts daily stimulation phase before session 10 (number of patients and reasons) | Treatment-resistance definition | Mean onset age (years) | Mean illness duration (years) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DTMS (H1-coil) | |||||||||
 Levkovitz et al., 2009 [15]; Israela,b | No | 23 | 46 | 48% | 0% | 3 (all for reasons unrelated to treatment or a good response) | Did not respond to ≥2 antidepressant medications current episode | 29 | 17 |
 Rosenberg et al., 2010 [16]; Israel | No | 7 | 47 ± 12 | 14% | 0% | 0 | Failed 2 antidepressant trials current episode | 33 | 14 |
 Rosenberg et al., 2010 [17]; Israel | No | 6 | 41 ± 13 | 67% | 50% | 0 | Failed ≥2 antidepressant courses and ≥ 1 course of ECT | 17 | 24 |
 Isserles et al., 2011 [18]; Israelc | No | 25 | 45 ± 13 | 45% | 100% | 5 (1 seizure, 1 intolerance, 2 lack of response, 1 high motor threshold) | Failed ≥2 antidepressants | 29 | 17 |
 Harel et al., 2014 [19]; Israelb | No | 29 | 41 ± 11 | 48% | 62% | 3 (1 safety reasons <1st treatment, 2 non-compliance with study protocol) | Failed ≥1 pharmacological trial or intolerant to 2 antidepressants | 24 | 17 |
 Levkovitz et al., 2015 [9]; multicentreb,d | Yes | 89 | 45 ± 12 | 48% | 0% | 6 (1 seizure, 3 no improvement, 1 withdrawal of consent, 1 missed > 2 treatment days) | 93% failed ≥1 medication | 25 | 20 |
 Rapinesi et al., 2015 [20]; Italyb | No | 9 | 54 ± 6 | 44% | 89% | 0 | Failure to respond to ≥3 adequate doses of ≥2 classes antidepressants | 45 | 9 |
 Rapinesi et al., 2015 [21]; Italyb,e | No | 12 | 51 ± 8 | 42% | 100% | 0 | Unsatisfactory response to ≥1 adequate course of antidepressant treatment current episode | 34 | 17 |
rTMS (F8-coil) | |||||||||
 George et al., 1997 [22]; USAb,f | Yes | 7 | 42 ± 16 | 86% | some | 0 | Received 1–21 previous medications | – | – |
 Berman et al., 2000 [23]; USAb,d | Yes | 10 | 45 ± 10 | 20% | 0% | 0 | Failed ≥1 adequate pharmacologic trial current or previous episodes | 20 | 25 |
 Catafau et al., 2001 [24]; Spainb | No | 5 | 50 ± 8 | 60% | 100% | 0 | HDRS17 score > 18 after ≥6 weeks of treatment | – | – |
 Garcia-Toro et al., 2001 [25]; Spainb,d | Yes | 17 | 52 ± 16 | 41% | 100% | 0 | Failed 2 antidepressant trials for ≥6 weeks current episode | 36 | 16 |
 Garcia-Toro et al., 2001 [26]; Spaind | Yes | 11 | 43 ± 13 | 55% | 100% | 3 (no treatment-related adverse reactions) | Failed 1 antidepressant trial | – | – |
 Boutros et al., 2002 [27]; USAd | Yes | 12 | 49 ± 8 | 33% | 100% | 1 (worsening of depression) | Failed ≥2 prior medication trials of adequate length and dosages | – | – |
 Bajbouj et al., 2005 [28]; Germany | No | 30 | 46 ± 12 | 37% | 40% | 0 | Some non-responders to current treatment with antidepressants | – | – |
 Yukimasa et al., 2006 [29]; Japan | No | 26 | 53 ± 18 | 58% | some | 0 | Failed ≥2 antidepressant trials of adequate duration and dosages | – | – |
 Luborzewski et al., 2007 [30]; Germanyb | No | 17 | 46 ± 11 | 12% | 53% | 0 | Completed 3–19 antidepressant treatment trials | – | – |
 Bakim et al., 2012 [31]; Turkeyb,g | Yes; 80% | 12 | 39 ± 10 | 83% | 100% | 0 | No response to adequate courses (≥6 weeks) of ≥2 different classes of antidepressants at optimal doses | 36 | 3 |
 Bakim et al., 2012 [31]; Turkeyb,g | Yes; 110% | 11 | 43 ± 8 | 91% | 100% | 0 | No response to adequate courses (≥6 weeks) of ≥2 different classes of antidepressants at optimal doses | 40 | 3 |
 Chen et al., 2013 [32]; Taiwand | Yes | 10 | 44 ± 4 | 70% | 100% | 0 | No response to 2 different antidepressants administered for 6 weeks each | – | – |