Table 1 Characteristics of the participants (N = 399)
| Â | Mean [SD] / n (%) |
|---|---|
Age | 13.3 [2.4] |
Gender (% Female) | 211 (52.9) |
DSRSC score | 14.6 [6.3] |
Household type | |
 Having both parents | 128 (32.1) |
 Single mother | 136 (34.1) |
 Single father | 61 (15.3) |
 Do not have a parent (orphans) | 28 (7.0) |
Visitation | |
 Either mother or father a | 183 (49.3) |
  Mother a | 129 (41.6) |
  Father a | 66 (28.1) |
 Grandparents, other relatives, and friends | 46 (11.5) |
 Number of visits (per year) | |
  No visit | 106 (26.6) |
  1 to 6 times | 105 (26.3) |
  6 or more times | 137 (34.3) |
Experience of maltreatment | |
 Physical abuse | 97 (24.3) |
 Emotional abuse | 102 (25.6) |
 Sexual abuse | 20 (5.0) |
 Neglect | 158 (39.6) |
 Domestic violence | 65 (16.3) |
Frequency of maltreatment | |
 None | 123 (30.8) |
 1 | 118 (29.6) |
 2 | 66 (16.5) |
 3 or more | 56 (14.0) |
Perceived social support | |
 Mother | |
  Low | 91 (22.8) |
  Middle | 102 (25.6) |
  High | 92 (23.1) |
 Father | |
  Low | 93 (25.2) |
  Middle | 91 (24.7) |
  High | 94 (25.5) |
 Care workers | |
  Low | 102 (25.6) |
  Middle | 116 (29.1) |
  High | 112 (28.1) |
Secure scores of Internal Working Model Scale | 19.9 [6.3] |